CEDAR: High-Spectral Width High Frequency (HF) Radar Ionospheric Backscatter with Coordinated Incoherent Scatter Radar (ISR) Diagnostic Observations

调查人员将协调科迪亚克高频雷达和阿拉斯加高级模块化非相干散射雷达之间的业务，以便调查影响超双极光雷达网观测到的高频雷达相干电离层后向散射谱宽的因素。这两个雷达将探测一个共同的电离层体积。AMISR（与大气建模一起）将提供散射体积中的电离条件数据：电子密度，电子，离子和中性温度，电导率，电流和场，以及加热率和电离率。Kodiak将在两种模式下运行，SuperDARN通用模式和通过改进Kodiak发射机而实现的特殊高空间和时间分辨率模式。在普通模式下，Kodiak将收集与其他SuperDARN雷达相当的数据。在使用特殊脉冲压缩方法的模式中，Kodiak将在比普通模式更短的时间尺度和更小的空间尺度上收集数据。将对数据进行分析，以确定散射过程中影响共模频谱宽度的环境条件和子积分周期或子范围选通门长度变化。反向散射谱宽度是根据高频雷达相干反向散射谱计算的三个量之一：总反向散射功率、平均多普勒速度和谱宽度。一些研究表明，谱宽有助于确定磁层区域和边界的电离层投影：尖点、低纬度边界层和开闭磁力线分界线。后者是非常重要的，因为一种手段来跟踪开-闭磁力线分界线是必要的磁层重联率的测量。然而，目前还没有公认的理论解释的光谱宽度的变化，确定这些区域和边界。该项目将提供精确的数据，作为光谱宽度理论的基础，以便对光谱宽度数据中包含的信息进行适当的解释。该项目的成果将有助于更好地测量磁层重连率，从而改进空间气象预报，给航空航天工业和整个社会带来切实惠益。该项目还将通过推进发现和理解来整合研究和教育，同时通过雇用至少两名，可能是三名本科物理专业的研究助理来促进教学，培训和学习。该奖项由EPSCOR共同资助，因为它是两个EPSCOR管辖区（路易斯安那州和阿拉斯加州）之间的合作性质。

The investigators will coordinate operations between the Kodiak High Frequency (HF) radar and the Advanced Modular Incoherent Scatter Radar (AMISR) in Alaska for the purpose of investigating the factors that affect the spectral width of HF radar coherent ionospheric backscatter as observed by the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN). The two radars will probe a common ionospheric volume. AMISR (together with atmospheric modeling) will provide data on the ionsopheric conditions in the scattering volume: electron density, electron, ion and neutral temperature, electrical conductivities, current, and field, as well as heating rates and ionization rates. Kodiak will operate in two modes, the SuperDARN common mode and a special high spatial and temporal resolution mode made possible by improvements to the Kodiak transmitters. In the common mode, Kodiak will gather data that is comparable to the other SuperDARN radars. In the mode using special pulse compression methods, Kodiak will gather data on shorter time scales and on smallers spatial scales than in the common mode. The data will be analyzed to determine environmental conditions and sub-integration period or sub-range gate length variations in the scatter process that affect the common mode spectral width. The backscatter spectral width is one of the three quantities calculated from the HF radar coherent backscatter spectrum: total backscattered power, mean Doppler velocity, and spectral width. The spectral width has been shown by several studies to be useful for the purpose of identifying the ionospheric projection of magnetospheric regions and boundaries: the cusp, the low latitude boundary layer, and the open-closed magnetic field line separatrix. The latter is very important since a means to track the open-closed field line separatrix is necessary for measurements of the magnetospheric reconnection rate. However, there is currently no accepted theoretical explanation for the variations of the spectral width that identify these regions and boundaries. This project will provide precise data on which to base a theory of the spectral width so that the information contained in the spectral width data may be properly interpreted. The results of this project will enable better measurement of the magnetospheric reconnection rate and consequent improvement in space weather forecasting with tangible benefits for the aerospace industry and society at large. This project will also integrate research and education by advancing discovery and understanding while at the same time promoting teaching, training, and learning by employing at least two and probably three undergraduate physics majors as research assistants. This award is co-funded by EPSCOR because it is collaborative in nature between two EPSCOR jurisdictions (Louisiana and Alaska).