CEDAR: South American Observations of Thermospheric Neutral Winds and Temperatures during Daytime

研究人员将在智利拉塞雷纳附近的Cerro Tololo美洲天文台（CTIO）（磁纬度为-17O）操作一个能够发光、远程互联网接入的三标准法布里-珀罗干涉仪，为通信/导航中断预报系统（C/NOFS卫星）提供关键的地面观测支持。这些观测结果通过测量中性风场来支持C/NOFS，而中性风场是闪烁预测和建模C/NOFS总体目标的核心。目前，经验模式用于提供非局地中性风，但需要用实际风代替模式风对赤道扩散f （ESF）现象的预测至关重要。主要的观测目标是提供横跨日落终止线的全天（至少8个矢量）热层风场，在日光下具有15分钟的分辨率，在夜光下优于5分钟的分辨率。将ESF事件与这些风场相关联将证明经向风是否影响ESF的生长。目前的技术水平限制了这种与日落后1小时的风的相关性，但这里提出的仪器将允许将ESF与日落后的风进行相关性。第二个目标是测量亮度波通过时的纬向风，亮度波是由午夜温度最大压力凸起和另一个位于磁赤道的日光法布里-佩罗驱动的。这两台仪器还将在白天观测南阿普尔顿异常的位置和迁移。类似地，机器人的巡逻模式操作，远程操作系统将用于检测和分类从极点到赤道传播的孤子干扰的性质。这些干扰被称为旅行大气干扰，或TADs，迄今为止只能使用非相干散射雷达看到。这项研究将有助于预测低纬度地区电离层不规则性造成的通信干扰。该项目还包括美国科学家与智利科学家和CTIO支持人员之间的国际合作。在CTIO建立Fabry-Perot是航空社区可用基础设施的重要延伸，现在可以进入安第斯山脉2400米高的壮观晴空场地。此外，该设施将是仅有的两个能够进行日间多普勒气辉测量的站点之一。

The investigators will operate a dayglow-capable, remote Internet access, triple-etalon Fabry-Perot interferometer at the Cerro Tololo Interamerican Observatory (CTIO) near La Serena, Chile (-17O magnetic latitude), to supply critical ground-based observational support for the Communication/Navigation Outage Forecasting System (C/NOFS satellite). These observations support C/NOFS by measuring neutral wind fields, known to be central to the over-arching C/NOFS goal of scintillation forecasting and modeling. Currently, empirical models are used to provide non-local neutral winds, but the need to replace model winds with actual winds is vital to the prediction of the Equatorial Spread-F (ESF) phenomenon. The primary observational objective is to provide the all-sky (at least eight vector) thermospheric wind field across the sunset terminator, with 15-minute resolution in the dayglow, and better than five-minute resolution in the nightglow. Correlating ESF events with these wind fields will demonstrate whether meridional winds affect the growth of ESF. Current state of the art limits this correlation to winds taken 1 hour after sunset, but the instrument proposed here will allow a correlation of ESF with winds prior to sunset. A secondary objective is to measure zonal winds during passage of the brightness wave driven by the midnight temperature maximum pressure bulge in conjunction with another dayglow Fabry-Perot located at the magnetic equator. The two instruments will also observe the location and migration of the southern Appleton Anomaly during the day. Similarly patrol mode operation of the robotic, remotely operable systems will be used to detect and categorize the nature of soliton disturbances propagating from the pole toward the equator. These disturbances are known as traveling atmospheric disturbances, or TADs, and heretofore have only been seen using incoherent scatter radars. This study will help in forecasting communication disturbances from ionospheric irregularities at low latitudes. The project also features international cooperation between United States scientists and Chilean scientists and support staff at CTIO. Establishment of the Fabry-Perot at CTIO is an important extension of the infrastructure available to the Aeronomy community, which will now have access to a spectacular clear-sky site at 2400 meters in the Andes Mountains. In addition, this facility will be only one of two extant sites capable of daytime Doppler airglow measurement.