Universal basic income and structural racism in the US South: Differences in health service utilization between older African American men with and without experiences of recent incarceration

项目总结/摘要 结构性种族主义和歧视（SRD）是复杂的，并导致种族不平等。SRD持续种族歧视 美国的健康差距，导致黑人男性的监禁风险不成比例， 有系统地限制少数民族的健康、财富和繁荣。因此，减少 几代黑人的收入能力导致了经济破坏和健康状况不佳。 重要的是，老年黑人男性的收入继续低于他们的白色同行，收入差距 正在继续扩大即使考虑到教育因素，研究表明，工资差距的扩大也是一个令人担忧的问题。 原因包括劳动力经验和机会、雇用和工资歧视以及监禁。 老年黑人男子难以获得普遍的工资，这影响了家庭的稳定， to thrive兴旺，and population人口health健康.地理、位置以及与资本和市场的接近程度是潜在的驱动因素 健康行为和医疗保健获取的影响。因此，特别是年长的黑人男性， 证明了低社会经济地位、居住 在地方性贫困和慢性疾病的社区。拟议的第三阶段疗效研究旨在测试 通过提供普遍基本收入（UBI）直接减少种族收入差距的新干预措施。UBI 旨在通过资本的流入和随后的增加， 个人代理和社会关系。我们假设，在六个月内每月提供500美元的UBI， 将导致慢性病患者，老年人和老年人，低收入黑人男性的医疗保健利用率增加。 其次，我们假设UBI的影响将取决于一个人是否有近期的病史， 因此，没有监禁史与UBI相结合将证明最佳研究结果。 研究老年黑人男性中UBI及其推翻SRD的能力的实证研究缺乏， 现存文献许多健康差异研究旨在为健康和经济政策提供信息 起源于老年黑人的有限观点。W.E.B.博士杜波依斯说，在灵魂的 黑人认为，对黑人来说，“气馁是一个不成文的词”。本研究借鉴了这一灵感， 它最终寻求从根本上推翻经济压迫和野蛮，这已经定义了黑人 几代人的经验。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Structural racism and discrimination (SRD) are complex and drive racial inequities. SRD has sustained racial health disparities in the United States, driven disproportionate incarceration risk among Black men, and systematically restricted minority populations from health, wealth, and prosperity. As a result, diminished income earning ability for generations of Black people has led to economic devastation and poor health. Importantly, older and aging Black men continue to earn less than their White counterparts and the income gap is continuing to widen. Even when accounting for education, research has shown that the rising wage gap is attributable to workforce experience and opportunity, hiring and wage discrimination, and incarceration. Difficulty attaining prevailing wages among older Black men affects family stability, the ability for communities to thrive, and population health. Geography, place, and proximity to capital and markets are underlying drivers of health behavior and healthcare access. As a result, older and aging Black men in particular have demonstrated one of the strongest epidemiologic relationships between low socioeconomic status, residence in communities with endemic poverty, and chronic disease. The proposed Stage 3 efficacy study aims to test a novel intervention that directly reduces the racial income gap by providing a universal basic income (UBI). UBI is intended to promote and protect Black men's health through the influx of capital and subsequent increases in personal agency and social connections. We hypothesize that providing UBI of $500 per month for six months will result in increased healthcare utilization among chronically-ill, older and aging, low-income Black men. Secondarily, we hypothesize that the effect of UBI will depend on whether an individual has a recent history of incarceration, such that no incarceration history combined with UBI will demonstrate the best study outcomes. Empirical research examining UBI among older Black men and its capacity to overturn SRD are lacking in the extant literature. Much of the health disparities research intended to inform health and economic policy originated from limited perspectives of older and aging Black men. Dr. W.E.B. Du Bois said in The Souls of Black Folk that for Black people, “discouragement is an unwritten word”. This study draws on that inspiration as it ultimately seeks to fundamentally overturn the economic oppression and brutality that has defined the Black experience for generations.