Universal basic income and structural racism in the US South: Differences in health service utilization between older African American men with and without experiences of recent incarceration

项目摘要/摘要 结构性种族主义和歧视(SRD)是复杂的，助长了种族不平等。SRD持续存在种族歧视 美国的健康差距，推动了黑人男性不成比例的监禁风险，以及 系统地限制少数民族人口的健康、财富和繁荣。因此，减少了 几代黑人的赚钱能力导致了经济破坏和健康状况不佳。 重要的是，年长和年长的黑人男性的收入继续低于白人男性，收入差距也在扩大 正在继续扩大。即使将教育考虑在内，研究也表明，不断扩大的工资差距 可归因于劳动力经验和机会、雇用和工资歧视以及监禁。 在老年黑人男性中难以获得普遍的工资会影响家庭稳定，影响社区的能力 繁荣昌盛，人口健康。地理位置、地理位置以及与资本和市场的接近是潜在的驱动因素 健康行为和医疗服务的可获得性。因此，尤其是年长和年迈的黑人男性 证实了低社会经济地位、居住地 在有地方性贫困和慢性病的社区。拟议的第三阶段功效研究旨在测试 通过提供全民基本收入(UBI)直接缩小种族收入差距的新颖干预措施。UBI 旨在通过资本的涌入和随后的增加来促进和保护黑人男性的健康 个人代理和社会关系。我们假设每月向UBI提供500美元，为期6个月 将提高慢性病、老年和老龄化低收入黑人男性的医疗保健利用率。 其次，我们假设，UBI的影响将取决于一个人是否有最近的 监禁，这样没有监禁历史结合UBI将证明最好的研究结果。 在老年黑人男性中检查UBI及其推翻SRD能力的实证研究在 现存的文学。许多健康差距研究旨在为卫生和经济政策提供信息 起源于对年长和年迈的黑人男性的有限视角。W.E.B.杜波依斯博士在《灵魂》中说 黑人俗语：对黑人来说，“灰心丧气是个不成文的词”。这项研究借鉴了这一灵感， 它最终寻求从根本上推翻定义黑人的经济压迫和残暴 世代的经验。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Structural racism and discrimination (SRD) are complex and drive racial inequities. SRD has sustained racial health disparities in the United States, driven disproportionate incarceration risk among Black men, and systematically restricted minority populations from health, wealth, and prosperity. As a result, diminished income earning ability for generations of Black people has led to economic devastation and poor health. Importantly, older and aging Black men continue to earn less than their White counterparts and the income gap is continuing to widen. Even when accounting for education, research has shown that the rising wage gap is attributable to workforce experience and opportunity, hiring and wage discrimination, and incarceration. Difficulty attaining prevailing wages among older Black men affects family stability, the ability for communities to thrive, and population health. Geography, place, and proximity to capital and markets are underlying drivers of health behavior and healthcare access. As a result, older and aging Black men in particular have demonstrated one of the strongest epidemiologic relationships between low socioeconomic status, residence in communities with endemic poverty, and chronic disease. The proposed Stage 3 efficacy study aims to test a novel intervention that directly reduces the racial income gap by providing a universal basic income (UBI). UBI is intended to promote and protect Black men's health through the influx of capital and subsequent increases in personal agency and social connections. We hypothesize that providing UBI of $500 per month for six months will result in increased healthcare utilization among chronically-ill, older and aging, low-income Black men. Secondarily, we hypothesize that the effect of UBI will depend on whether an individual has a recent history of incarceration, such that no incarceration history combined with UBI will demonstrate the best study outcomes. Empirical research examining UBI among older Black men and its capacity to overturn SRD are lacking in the extant literature. Much of the health disparities research intended to inform health and economic policy originated from limited perspectives of older and aging Black men. Dr. W.E.B. Du Bois said in The Souls of Black Folk that for Black people, “discouragement is an unwritten word”. This study draws on that inspiration as it ultimately seeks to fundamentally overturn the economic oppression and brutality that has defined the Black experience for generations.