A Mars Whole Atmosphere Climate Model: Development and Applications

火星的整个大气层都是从地表到300公里的。综合方法建立了从地面到外层大气的耦合能量学、动力学和化学。对火星下部大气和火星上部大气耦合的物理过程进行量化，可以量化大气尘埃载量的季节变化和太阳周期变化对已确定的耦合过程的影响，从而检查整个火星大气中沙尘暴的演变和影响。目前用于模拟地球大气的“全大气气候模式”(WACM)大气环流代码适用于火星上层大气，并加入了一个新的有限差分动力核心，该核心最初是为地球下层大气的细网格划分而设计的。这种低层大气方法被调整为允许一个跟随地形的垂直坐标系来适应火星地形的显著变化。模型验证和调整由火星全球勘探者和火星奥德赛提供，包括中性和离子大气密度分布、中性温度的海拔分布和推断的风-因此建立了对未来火星条件的预测能力。为了使为地球大气开发的环流模型适应火星大气，可以建立一个新的检验和评价试验台，以改进这两个行星上基于物理的模型开发。

The entire atmosphere of Mars is modeled from the surface to 300 km. The integrated approach establishes the coupled energetics, dynamics, and chemistry of the atmosphere from the ground to the exosphere. Quantification of the physical processes that couple the lower Martian atmosphere to the upper Martian atmosphere permits quantification of the impact of seasonal and solar-cycle variations of atmospheric dust-loading on the identified coupling processes, and consequently an examination of the of dust storm evolution and impact throughout the Martian atmosphere. The "Whole Atmosphere Climate Model" (WACM) general circulation code currently in use for modeling of the Earth atmosphere is adapted to the upper Martian atmosphere, and is joined to a new finite difference dynamical core originally designed for fine-mesh gridding in the earth's lower atmosphere. That lower atmosphere methodology is adapted to permit a terrain-following vertical coordinate system to accommodate the significant variations of Martian topology. Model verification and tuning is provided by Mars Global Surveyor and Mars Odyssey neutral and ion atmospheric density profiles, altitude profiles of neutral temperature, and inferred winds - so that a predictive capability of future Martian conditions is established. The adaptation of circulation models developed for the Earth atmosphere to the Martian atmosphere permits a new examination and evaluation test bed for improved physics-based model development on both planets.