CAREER: The Emergence and Ramifications of the United States Knowledge Economy

詹森·欧文·史密斯密歇根大学这个职业项目考察了组织在公共（股票市场）和私人（风险资本）投资者的期望约束下利用网络进行创新的努力，以解释构成美国知识经济（USKE）的高科技产业是如何以独特的技术和资本市场为特征的。市场是定义和协调经济行动的社会环境，它作为参与者建立关系并确立立场，从而塑造其未来的机会和结果。在USKE内部，不同的工业市场随着组织寻求新的信息而出现，这些信息将通过其网络实现技术创新，同时努力获得投资者和分析师的认可。本项目将在三个相关分析中展示组织间网络和制度领域之间的重要关系，试图解释：(1)组织网络和身份对财务和创新成果的影响的行业间差异；(2)不同产业市场的行为来源；(3)当不同的产业秩序发生碰撞时，激进创新的出现和效果。更广泛的影响除了对创新、产业变革和经济生活的社会基础的理论和实质性知识做出根本性贡献外，这项研究还将产生一个独特的数据集，可以作为多个领域学术调查的资源。进行这些分析需要收集纵向数据集，将行业的制度特征、组织特征和动态关系数据与多个相关行业的创新和财务结果面板相匹配。这项数据收集工作将涵盖从1975年到2005年的31年期间，72个研究最密集的行业分类中估计有4,665个组织及其合作伙伴。该项目还有助于发展跨学科的本科课程和基础设施，用于研究和教学，并在许多领域为公众和政策制定者提供系统有效的实质性知识。企业管理者和公共部门研究管理人员，寻求技术和经济发展之间更紧密联系的州和地方政策制定者，以及负责扩大国家科学、技术和经济竞争力的联邦机构，将通过研究众多行业的创新和组织成果而得到很好的服务。该项目的重点是科学和技术前沿的协作网络，这也将有助于持续努力理解和开发工具，以支持大规模、跨学科的合作和跨越工业和学术界的技术开发工作。

SES-0545634Jason Owen-SmithUniversity of MichiganThis CAREER project examines organizational efforts to innovate using networks under constraints imposed by the expectations of public (stock market) and private (venture capital) investors in order to explain how the high-technology industries that comprise the U.S. Knowledge Economy (USKE) have come to be characterized by distinctive markets for technology and capital. Markets, which emerge as actors forge relationships and stake out positions that shape their future opportunities and outcomes, are social environments that define and coordinate economic action. Within the USKE, different industrial markets arise as organizations seek novel information that will enable technological innovation through their networks while striving for the recognition of investors and analysts. This project will demonstrate the important relationship between inter-organizational networks and institutional fields in three related analyses that seek to explain: (1) inter-industry variations in the effect organizational networks and identities exert on financial and innovative outcomes; (2) the behavioral sources of those distinct industrial markets; and (3) the appearance and effects of radical innovations that sometimes emerge when different industrial orders collide.Broader ImpactsIn addition to making fundamental contributions to theoretical and substantive knowledge about innovation, industrial change, and the social underpinnings of economic life, this research effort will generate a unique dataset that can serve as a resource for scholarly investigation in multiple fields. Conducting these analyses requires the collection of a longitudinal dataset that matches institutional features of industries, organizational characteristics and dynamic relational data with a panel of innovative and financial outcomes for multiple related industries. This data collection effort will cover an estimated 4,665 organizations in the 72 most research intensive industrial classifications and their partners for a 31 year period stretching from 1975 to 2005. The project also contributes to the development of an interdisciplinary undergraduate program and infrastructure for research and teaching as well as providing systematically validated substantive knowledge to the public and to policy makers in a number of arenas. Corporate managers and public sector research administrators, state and local policy makers seeking tighter linkages between technological and economic development, and federal agencies tasked to expand national scientific, technological, and economic competitiveness will be well served by research that examines innovation and organizational outcomes across numerous industries. The project's focus on collaborative networks at the cutting edge of science and technology will also contribute to ongoing efforts to understand and develop tools to support large scale, inter-disciplinary collaborations and technology development efforts that span industry and academe.