Tracing Tradition and Mapping Out Change: Water Allocation, Conflict Management, and the Law in Hawai`i, 1857-1906

追溯传统和描绘变化：1857-1906年夏威夷的水资源分配、冲突管理和法律摘要这个为期两年的项目涉及分析夏威夷王国最后几年和美国领土统治头几年的一系列水资源法律案例。这项研究将审查由夏威夷君主制建立的私人途径和水权委员会如何在其决策过程中援引夏威夷和西欧美洲关于水的传统假设和技术做法。此外，几个案件被上诉到最高法院，留下了这些决策过程的记录，我们也将进行分析。我们还将调查委员会和最高法院援引的特殊做法和作出的决定如何影响整个夏威夷群岛的用水做法的性质。我们将通过：1)对法律程序的评估，2)对个人机构的分析，3)跟踪水基础设施和技术的替代用途，以及4)对机构框架的解释，来解决这一问题。采用了法律多元化的方法，以解决法律如何反映和促进与水有关的实践、知识和管理系统随时间的变化。对夏威夷人和世界各地的人们来说，水仍然是一个紧迫的问题。在某些方面，要求水私有化的国际压力是19世纪及更早时候开始的私有化运动的延伸。了解夏威夷在十九世纪末和二十世纪初的决策动态具有重要意义，因为这些过程不仅塑造了当代水冲突的特点，而且为二十世纪剩余时间和进入二十一世纪解决水冲突奠定了基础。了解在这一时期作出用水决定的具体政治、法律、科学和技术背景，可能对国家机构和司法机构目前和未来的决策过程很有价值，这些机构和司法机构今天在很大程度上借鉴了历史先例。这一对19世纪末剧烈变革时期夏威夷水法的分析揭示了法律和法律制度同时反映和塑造其所处社会的方式。此外，该项目将侧重于土著社会对西方殖民努力作出反应、适应和挑战时出现的复杂动态。理解创建夏威夷的特殊制度的背景有助于深入了解法律，因为它是一个动态和有争议的制度，对夏威夷和环太平洋地区的权力和财富分配具有重大影响。

Tracing Tradition and Mapping Out Change: Water Allocation, Conflict Management and the Law in Hawaii, 1857-1906AbstractThis two-year project involves analyzing a series of water law cases during the final years of the Kingdom of Hawai`i and the first years of US territorial reign. This study will examine how the Commissions of Private Ways and Water Rights, established by the Hawaiian monarchy, invoked traditional Hawaiian as well as Western EuroAmerican assumptions and technological practices about water in their decision-making processes. Additionally, several cases were appealed to the Supreme Court, leaving records of those decision-making processes that we will analyze as well. We will also investigate how the particular practices invoked and decisions made by the Commission and Supreme Court shaped the nature of water practices throughout the Hawaiian Islands. We will approach this through: 1) an evaluation of legal processes, 2) an analysis of the agency of individuals, 3) tracking alternate uses of water infrastructure and technology, and 4) an interpretation of institutional frameworks. A legal pluralism approach is adopted to address how the law both reflects and prompts change over time in the systems of practice, knowledge, and management attached to water. Water continues to be a pressing issue for Hawaiians as well as for people around the world. International pressures to privatize water are, in some respects, an extension of the drive to privatization begun in the nineteenth century and earlier. Understanding the dynamics of decision-making in Hawai`i during the late nineteenth century and early years of the twentieth century is significant because these processes not only shaped the character of contemporary water conflicts, but established a foundation for water conflict resolution for the remainder of the twentieth century and into the twenty-first. Understanding the specific political, legal, scientific, and technological context within which water decisions were made during this period could be of value in current and future decision-making processes by state agencies and the judiciary, which today draw heavily upon historic precedents. This analysis of Hawaiian water law during a period of intense transformation at the end of the nineteenth century sheds light on the ways that law and legal systems simultaneously reflect and shape the society within which they operate. Furthermore the project will provide a focus on the complex dynamics which arose as indigenous societies responded to, adapted and challenged western colonizing efforts. Understanding the context that created Hawai`is particular system offers insight into law as a dynamic and contested system with significant implications for the distribution of power and wealth in Hawai`i and the Pacific Rim.