The Physics Frontier Center of the Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics

Kavli宇宙物理研究所（PFC-KICP）的物理前沿中心汇集了一个由物理学家和天文学家组成的有成就的团队，包括理论家和实验家，在一个独特的跨学科环境中解决当今所有科学中最引人注目的三个问题：(1)主宰宇宙并塑造其演化的暗能量和暗物质的本质是什么？(2)在宇宙的最初时刻是否存在暴胀时代，如果存在，导致它的潜在物理原理是什么？(3)大自然有什么线索？S最高能量粒子提供的力和粒子的统一？这些问题的答案有可能从根本上改变我们对宇宙起源和演化以及支配它的法则的看法。这三个问题是物理前沿中心成立的头四年关注的焦点，并且仍然是其项目的核心。在过去的四年里，PFC-KICP的许多发现和理论进步使这些问题变得更加尖锐，并指出了解决这些问题的新途径。中心将促进几项新的研究倡议，旨在抓住这些机会，同时继续在中心第一个任期内开始的一些努力，这些努力现在正在取得成果。新的计划将在探测宇宙微波背景（CMB）极化中的暴胀引力波方面取得进展，通过大型光学调查探测暗能量的本质，开发一种有前途的探测暗物质的新方法，并为分析大型实验和理论数据集提供新的汇集资源。PFC-KICP旨在通过其各种具有更广泛影响的活动来捕捉从K到99的公众的想象力，以研究，教育和推广宇宙学基本问题的综合，跨领域计划：1)培训和教育科学家在团队中工作，在他们的研究中跨越边界，并将研究和教育结合起来，特别是通过研究员计划。(2)传播涉及天文学和物理学的重要科学成果。(3)利用这一令人兴奋的科学领域，通过空间探索者、WAP、UPRIDE和RET等项目，扩大未被充分代表的群体在科学和工程领域的参与。例如，Sunyaev-Zel？多维奇阵列（SZA）将成为CARMA设施的一部分，暗能量相机将成为CTIO的用户仪器；两者都将被天文学界广泛使用。(5)通过积极多样的推广项目，包括宇宙学短期课程、与博物馆合作和公开讲座，分享这门科学的兴奋之处，并向公众宣传科学的本质。(6)通过有针对性的研讨会、访问和专题讨论会等项目，吸引更广泛的宇宙物理学界参与。

The Physics Frontier Center of the Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics (PFC-KICP) brings together an accomplished team of physicists and astronomers, both theorists and experimentalists, within a unique interdisciplinary environment to address three of the most compelling questions in all of science today: (1) What is the nature of the Dark Energy and Dark Matter that dominate the Universe and have shaped its evolution? (2) Was there an inflationary epoch in the first moments of the Universe, and if so, what is the underlying physics that caused it? (3) What clues do nature?s highest energy particles offer about the unification of forces and particles? The answers to these questions have the potential to transform in a fundamental way our view of the origin and evolution of the Universe and the laws that govern it.These three questions were the focus of the Physics Frontier Center for its first four years of existence and remain at the heart of its program. Discoveries and theoretical advances over the last four years, many produced by the PFC-KICP, have sharpened these questions and pointed to new avenues for addressing them. The Center will foster several new research initiatives aimed at seizing these opportunities while continuing a number of efforts begun in the first term of the Center that are now coming to fruition. The new initiatives will make strides toward the detection of inflationary gravity waves in the polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB), probe the nature of the Dark Energy with a large optical survey, develop a promising, new method for detecting Dark Matter, and provide new pooled resources for the analysis of large experimental and theoretical data sets. The integrated, cross-cutting program of research, education, and outreach aimed at fundamental questions in cosmological physics at the PFC-KICP is designed to capture the imagination of the public from K to 99 through its variety of activities with broader impact: (1) Training and educating scientists to work in teams, cross boundaries in their research, and integrate research and education, particularly through the Fellows program. (2) Disseminating important scientific results whose implications cut across the disciplines of astronomy and physics. (3) Using this exciting area of science to broaden the participation of underrepresented groups in science and engineering, with programs such as Space Explorers, WAP, UPRIDE, and RET. (4) Creating broadly shared infrastructure; e.g., the Sunyaev-Zel?dovich Array (SZA) will become part of the CARMA facility and the Dark Energy Camera will be a user instrument at CTIO; both will be broadly used by the astronomy community. (5) Sharing the excitement of this science and educating the public about the nature of science through a vigorous and diverse outreach program that includes cosmology short courses, museum partnerships, and public talks. (6) Engaging the broader cosmological physics community through a targeted program of workshops, visitors, and symposia.