SGER: Damage Survey from Hurricane Katrina

卡特里娜飓风在阿拉巴马州、密西西比州和路易斯安那州的墨西哥湾沿岸造成了巨大的破坏。虽然飓风造成的大部分破坏与风和洪水有关，但风暴潮对沿海地区造成的破坏尤其严重，这种破坏机制与海啸非常相似。卡特里娜飓风显然就是这种情况。由于缺乏实验研究和现场数据，沿海建筑抗风暴潮和海啸波浪荷载设计准则的制定受到了阻碍。尽管通过实地调查或卫星图像经常收集到关于沿海上升的优秀记录，但风暴潮和海啸对已建成基础设施的影响通常没有很好的记录。为了补充我们最近收到的用于开发基于性能的海啸工程（PBTE）的NEES-R拨款的工作，我们将调查主要与风暴潮相关的结构破坏以及美国墨西哥湾沿岸地区由此产生的水动力。比洛克西海岸地区的很大一部分损失似乎是由风暴潮和海浪造成的。然而，大型工程建筑似乎经受住了风暴潮和海浪。对这类建筑物的破坏似乎主要是由水或风带来的碎片造成的。前者似乎造成了最严重的结构破坏，包括几个大型结构的部分倒塌。对卡特里娜飓风带来的风暴潮和碎片冲击造成的破坏进行第一手评估，将有助于我们更清楚地关注飓风风暴潮和海啸造成的破坏机制。我们还预计，意外来源造成的损害将变得明显。这次调查提供了一个难得的机会，可以记录一个工业化国家在类似海啸的事件中遭受的破坏。

Damage Survey from Hurricane KatrinaABSTRACTHurricane Katrina wreaked massive damage along the Gulf Coast of Alabama, Mississippi and Louisiana. While much of the damage associated with hurricanes is related to wind and flooding, damage as a result of storm surge in coastal areas in particular can be significant, and this damage mechanism is very similar to what can happen during a tsunami. This is clearly the case for Katrina.Development of design guidelines for coastal construction to resist storm surge and tsunami wave loading has been hampered by the lack of experimental research and field data. Although excellent records are often collected of coastal run-up, either via field surveys or satellite imagery, the effects of storm surge and tsunami loading on the built infrastructure is often not well documented. To supplement our work under a recently-received NEES-R grant to develop Performance Based Tsunami Engineering (PBTE), we will survey the structural damage associated principally with storm surge and the resulting hydrodynamic forces on areas of the U.S. Gulf Coast.A significant amount of the damage to the Biloxi coast area appears to have resulted from the storm surge and waves. However, it appears that large engineered buildings withstood the storm surge and waves. Damage to these types of buildings appears to be primarily from debris, either water-borne or wind-borne. The former appears to have caused the most significant structural damage, including partial collapse of several large structures.A first hand assessment of the storm surge and debris impact damage from Katrina will help us to focus more clearly on the damage mechanisms that occur in both hurricane storm surge and tsunami conditions. We also anticipate that damage from unexpected sources will become evident. The survey represents a rare opportunity to document the damage in an industrialized country resulting from a tsunami-like event.