Probing Electroweak Symmetry Breaking in High Energy Collisions

基本粒子物理学的标准模型（SM）在解释和预测实验数据方面非常成功，从原子尺度到Z玻色子质量尺度跨越能量，并且对强，弱和电磁力的基本相互作用敏感。它已经在CERN LEP，SLAC SLC和费米实验室Tevatron对撞机的大量实验中进行了测试，其水平为百分之零点几。1995年在Tevatron上发现了期待已久的顶夸克，这又一次有力地证实了SM。然而，电弱对称性破缺（EWSB）的机制是通过尚未发现的希格斯玻色子来产生W玻色子和Z玻色子以及费米子的质量，而保持电磁规范对称性的完整性。此外，SM不能解释费米子质量的等级模式。因此，人们普遍认为，在高能量下，或者在非常高精度的测量中，实验数据中会出现与SM的偏差，以表明新物理的存在。该奖项支持各种理论计算和计算工具的开发，以使在费米实验室Tevatron和CERN大型强子对撞机的高能碰撞中探测EWSB机制。虽然爱因斯坦在100多年前描述了质量和能量之间的联系，但直到今天，包括物理学家在内的任何人都不知道物质的质量（M）来自何处。该研究计划的目标是解决与物质质量起源有关的问题。这些项目的完成将有助于我们理解自然界中的基本相互作用。科学成果和开发的数值程序将通过万维网提供。

The Standard Model (SM) of elementary particle physics is extremelysuccessful in explaining and predicting experimental data, spanning inenergy from the atomic scale to the Z boson mass scale, and sensitive to the fundamental interactions of strong, weak and electromagnetic forces. It has been tested by a large number of experiments at CERN LEP, SLAC SLC and the Fermilab Tevatron colliders at the level of a few tenths of percent. The long awaited discovery of the top quark at the Tevatron in 1995 gave another strong confirmation of the SM. However, the mechanism of the Electroweak Symmetry Breaking (EWSB) which generates masses for the W and Z bosons as well as the fermions, and leaves the electromagnetic gauge symmetry intact is via the Higgs boson which has not yet been found. In addition, the SM cannot explain the hierarchical pattern of fermion masses. It is therefore widely believed that at high energies, or in very high precision measurements, deviation from the SM will appear in experimental data to signal the presence of new physics. This award supports the development orvarious theoretical calculations and computational tools to enable probing the EWSB mechanism in high energy collisions at the Fermilab Tevatron and CERN Large Hadron Collider.While Einstein described the connection between mass and energy over 100 years ago, as of today, it is still not known to anyone, includingphysicists, where the mass (M ) of matter comes from. This program of research has as its goal addressing the questions related to the origin of the mass of matter. The achievement of these projects will contribute to our understanding of the fundamental interactions in Nature. The scientific results and the developed numerical programs will be made available via the World Wide Web.