Collaborative Research: SHINE: Solar Longitude Dependence of Solar Energetic Particle Events

本课题包括7位合作者，将通过研究：(1)SOHO、TRACE、Yohkoh和RHESSI的太阳数据，系统地研究太阳高能粒子（SEP）特征的经度依赖性；(2)来自先进成分探测器（ACE）上的太阳同位素光谱仪（SIS）和超低能同位素光谱仪（ULEIS）的SEP数据；(3)来自澳大利亚的Wind/WAVES、Culgoora和Bruny岛的无线电数据。确定的SEP事件将根据几个标准进行表征，包括元素丰度和在每核子MeV能量范围内测量的比率。无线电信号、激波传输速度、CME速度、耀斑星等、耀斑持续时间、耀斑经度/磁连接（以及其他相关参数）将根据这一特征进行检查。特别重点将放在射电III型爆发上，作为开放磁场线的指示，以及太阳与已确定的感兴趣的耀斑的连接，由势场源表面（PFSS）模型确定。SEP事件的特征如何取决于太阳经度（考虑到磁连接），对于评估和限制任何试图为SEP事件中观测到的能量依赖元素组成的巨大变化提供解释的理论都是重要的。这一努力将有助于量化目前相互竞争的假设的合理性。结果将通过活动网站、同行评议的科学期刊和公共通讯以及未来的SHINE会议向更广泛的社区传播，这些会议特别鼓励学生参加（通常是资助学生参加）。这项研究对社会的好处与预测太空天气和宇航员、敏感空间设备甚至一些商业航空航班面临的sep相关辐射危害的日益增长的需求密切相关。特别是，SEP经度依赖对于预测远离日地线的位置的影响至关重要，这将是美国宇航局新的太空探索计划所必需的。为了在任何地点进行有用的空间天气预测，了解在太阳上远程观测到的情况与由此产生的SEP事件之间的联系至关重要。拟议的研究在目前激烈辩论的领域进一步推动了这一努力。该提案雇用了两名女性（其中一名是PI），并包括培训一名本科生的资金。许多合作者在无线电光谱学、太阳物理学和粒子物理学领域有着悠久的合作历史，也曾为大学、高中和初中的年轻科学家和学生做过演讲。

This proposal includes seven collaborators and will systematically examine the longitude dependence of solar energetic particle (SEP) characteristics through studying: (1) solar data from SOHO, TRACE, Yohkoh, and RHESSI; (2) SEP data from the Solar Isotope Spectrometer (SIS) and the Ultra Low Energy Isotope Spectrometer (ULEIS), both on the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) spacecraft; and (3) radio data from Wind/WAVES, Culgoora, and Bruny Island, Australia. Identified SEP events will be characterized according to several criteria, including elemental abundances and ratios measured at a range of MeV energies per nucleon. Radio signatures, shock transit speeds, CME speeds, flare magnitudes, flare durations, flare longitude/magnetic connections (and other relevant parameters) will then be examined in terms of this characterization. Particular focus will be placed on radio type III bursts as indications of open magnetic field lines and the solar connection to the identified flares of interest, as determined by the potential field source surface (PFSS) model. How the characterization of the SEP events depends on solar longitude (accounting for the magnetic connection) will be important in evaluating and constraining any theory attempting to provide explanations for the large variation in the energy-dependent elemental composition observed in SEP events. This effort will help quantify the plausibility of the currently competing hypotheses.Results will be disseminated to the broader community through campaign web sites, peer-reviewed scientific journals, and public newsletters, as well as through future SHINE meetings, where students are especially encouraged (and often funded) to attend. The benefit of this research to society is strongly related to the increasing need to predict space weather and the SEP-related radiation hazards faced by astronauts, sensitive space equipment, and even some commercial airline flights. In particular, SEP longitude dependence is crucial for forecasting the effects at locations far from the Sun-Earth line, as will be necessary within NASA's new Space Exploration Initiative. In order to make useful space weather predictions at any location, understanding the connection between what is observed remotely at the Sun and the resulting SEP event is critical. The proposed research furthers this endeavor in an area of currently vigorous debate. This proposal employs two women (one being the PI) and includes funds for training an undergraduate student. Many of the collaborators have a strong history of collaboration in the fields of radio spectrometry, solar physics, and particle physics, as well as in giving presentations to young scientists and students at colleges, high schools, and middle schools.