Performance Evaluation of Tall Buildings Under Winds: From Predictive Methods to Laboratory and Full-Scale Measurements

摘要：尽管高层建筑在世界范围内普遍存在，但在NIST NCSTAR 1， WTC调查最近提出建议之前，与这些通常细长，柔性结构设计相关的问题可能没有得到更广泛的结构工程界的充分强调。特别是，这些结构受到一组独特的设计极限状态的控制，这些极限状态不仅包括生存能力和可用性，还包括可居住性，这些都必须在日益复杂的风环境中得到满足。事实上，尽管这些建筑的性能影响着许多人的安全和舒适，但它们的设计仍然是基于分析和比例模型，在芝加哥最近建立了一个监测项目之前，这些模型没有得到系统的全面验证。芝加哥建立了一个多方面的国际团队来解决这个问题。这个团队，与NIST合作？美国建筑与火灾研究实验室（BFRL）将领导这项拟议的研究，以芝加哥目前的努力为基础，扩大所研究的结构系统和材料类型的收集，同时引入与屋顶风速计相关的计算模型，以捕捉城市环境中的风场特征，以帮助对高层建筑设计中的预测进行全面验证。拟议的研究不仅将提供关于这种相关性的实质性信息，并为未来预测技术的发展创造一个重要的场所，而且更重要的是，它将提供一个独特的基础设施来响应NIST NCSTAR 1组1的建议。该响应包括以下目标：(1)开发和安装先进的网络化仪器；(2)估算建筑物漂移和加速度；(3)建立并验证计算风场模型；(4)利用全尺寸数据验证性能；(5)制定建立漂移和加速度极限状态的建议。

Abstract: Despite the prevalence of high-rise developments worldwide, issues associated with the design of these oftentimes slender, flexible structures were perhaps not fully underscored to the wider Structural Engineering community prior to the recent recommendations of the NIST NCSTAR 1, WTC Investigation. In particular, these structures are governed by a unique set of design limit states that encompass not only survivability and serviceability but also habitability, which all must be satisfied in increasingly complex wind environments. In fact, even though the performance of these structures affects the safety and comfort of a large number of people, their design continues to be based on analytical and scaled models that were not systematically validated in full-scale prior to a monitoring program instituted recently in the City of Chicago, which established a multi-faceted, international team to address the problem. This team, in concert with NIST?s Building and Fire Research Laboratory (BFRL), will lead the proposed study, building upon the current efforts in Chicago to expand the collection of structural systems and material types studied, while introducing computational models correlated with rooftop anemometers to capture wind field characteristics over urban environments, to aid in the full-scale validation of predictions made in the design of tall buildings. Not only will the proposed study provide substantive information with respect to this correlation and create an important venue for the development of future prediction techniques, but also more importantly it will provide a unique infrastructure to respond to the NIST NCSTAR 1 Group 1 Recommendations. This response encompasses the following objectives: (1) Develop & Install Advanced Networked Instrumentation; (2) Estimate Building Drift & Acceleration; (3) Develop & Validate a Computational Wind Field Model; (4) Validate Performance Using Full-Scale Data; and (5) Develop Recommendations for Building Drift & Acceleration Limit States.