Collaborative Research: A Holistic Performance-Based Design Framework for Water, Debris, Pressure and Drift Induced Losses of Buildings under Winds

严重的风暴是影响美国社区的最具破坏性和最昂贵的现象之一。这类风暴每年都会给社区造成重大的直接和间接损失。通过引入完全采用现代基于性能的设计（PBD）原则的风激建筑损失估算方法，可以为当前的设计实践提供一种替代方案，从而减轻风暴损害。PBD不仅可以提供新的工具，使设计实践摆脱规范规范的限制，还可以通过直接提高社区弹性的性能指标，对各种现有和新建建筑进行合理和全面的性能评估。该项目的目标是为各种对风敏感的低层到中层建筑开发最先进的整体PBD框架。该框架将侧重于合理确定所造成的直接和间接损失，例如，由于进水而对包层、内部隔墙和天花板造成的损害，以及建筑物围护结构受到的碎片冲击和过大的净压力，以及由于建筑物主要抗风系统过度漂移或加速造成的损害和损失。性能将通过一组简明的系统级决策变量来表达，例如，预期的系统级年度维修成本和停机时间，这些都很容易被不同技术背景的决策者和/或利益相关者理解。该框架将由时间相关的温带风暴和飓风模型启动，其中将包括不确定性的影响。为了一致地描述上述损害和损失，将开发特定的模型，通过使用风洞测量的压力数据库来严格描述压力引起的建筑围护结构损伤。这些模型将通过定义概率模型加以补充，以描述水引起的内部损坏和损失，以及由于过度压力和碎片撞击造成的建筑围护结构损坏和损失。这些模型的整合可以形成一个设计框架，使新一代更安全、更经济的建筑免受风的危害。

Severe wind storms represent one of the most destructive and costly phenomena that impact communities within the United States. Such storms can cause significant direct and indirect losses incurred by communities each year. Wind storm damage mitigation can be achieved by providing an alternative to current design practice through the introduction of loss estimation methodologies for wind-excited buildings that fully embrace the principles of modern performance-based design (PBD). PBD may not only provide new tools that can advance design practices from the limitations of prescriptive codes, but may also enable the rational and holistic performance assessment of a wide class of existing and new buildings under winds through performance metrics that directly promote community resiliency. The goal of this project is to develop a state-of-the-art holistic PBD framework for a wide class of low- to mid-rise buildings sensitive to wind. The framework will focus on the rational determination of the direct and indirect losses caused, for example, by damages sustained to the cladding, internal partitions and ceilings due to water ingress, and debris impact and excessive net pressure acting on the building envelope, as well as damages and losses due to excessive drift or acceleration of the main wind force resisting system of the building. Performance will be expressed through a concise set of system-level decision variables, e.g., expected system-level annual repair costs and downtime that are easily understood by decision-makers and/or stakeholders of diverse technical backgrounds. The framework will be initiated by time-dependent extratropical storm and hurricane models that will include the effects of uncertainties. In order to consistently describe the damages and losses outlined above, specific models will be developed for rigorously describing pressure-induced damage to building envelopes through the use of wind tunnel measured pressure databases. These models will be complemented through the definition of probabilistic models for describing water-induced internal damage and losses, as well as building envelope damage and losses due to excessive pressure and debris impact. The integration of these models can lead to a design framework that will enable a new generation of safer and more economic buildings subject to wind hazards.