Collaborative Research: A Holistic Performance-Based Design Framework for Water, Debris, Pressure and Drift Induced Losses of Buildings under Winds

严重的风暴是影响美国境内社区的最具破坏性和代价最高的现象之一。这种风暴每年都会给社区造成重大的直接和间接损失。通过引入完全遵循现代基于性能的设计(PBD)原则的风振建筑损失估计方法，可以为当前的设计实践提供一种替代方案，从而减轻风灾损失。PBD不仅可以提供新的工具，使设计实践摆脱规范性规范的限制，还可以通过直接促进社区弹性的性能指标，对一大类处于风中的现有和新建建筑进行理性和整体的性能评估。该项目的目标是为一大类对风敏感的中低层建筑开发一种最先进的整体PBD框架。该框架将侧重于合理确定直接和间接损失，例如，由于入水对覆层、内部隔断和天花板造成的损坏，以及碎片冲击和作用于建筑物围护结构的过大净压力，以及由于建筑物主要抗风系统过度漂移或加速而造成的损害和损失。绩效将通过一组简明的系统级决策变量来表示，例如，预期的系统级年度维修成本和停机时间，这些变量很容易为具有不同技术背景的决策者和/或利益攸关方所理解。该框架将由依赖时间的温带风暴和飓风模型启动，该模型将包括不确定性的影响。为了一致地描述上述损害和损失，将开发特定的模型，通过使用风洞测量的压力数据库，严格描述由压力引起的对建筑围护结构的破坏。将通过定义概率模型来补充这些模型，以描述水造成的内部损害和损失，以及建筑围护结构破坏和过度压力和碎片撞击造成的损失。这些模型的整合可以产生一个设计框架，使新一代更安全、更经济的建筑能够受到风灾的影响。

Severe wind storms represent one of the most destructive and costly phenomena that impact communities within the United States. Such storms can cause significant direct and indirect losses incurred by communities each year. Wind storm damage mitigation can be achieved by providing an alternative to current design practice through the introduction of loss estimation methodologies for wind-excited buildings that fully embrace the principles of modern performance-based design (PBD). PBD may not only provide new tools that can advance design practices from the limitations of prescriptive codes, but may also enable the rational and holistic performance assessment of a wide class of existing and new buildings under winds through performance metrics that directly promote community resiliency. The goal of this project is to develop a state-of-the-art holistic PBD framework for a wide class of low- to mid-rise buildings sensitive to wind. The framework will focus on the rational determination of the direct and indirect losses caused, for example, by damages sustained to the cladding, internal partitions and ceilings due to water ingress, and debris impact and excessive net pressure acting on the building envelope, as well as damages and losses due to excessive drift or acceleration of the main wind force resisting system of the building. Performance will be expressed through a concise set of system-level decision variables, e.g., expected system-level annual repair costs and downtime that are easily understood by decision-makers and/or stakeholders of diverse technical backgrounds. The framework will be initiated by time-dependent extratropical storm and hurricane models that will include the effects of uncertainties. In order to consistently describe the damages and losses outlined above, specific models will be developed for rigorously describing pressure-induced damage to building envelopes through the use of wind tunnel measured pressure databases. These models will be complemented through the definition of probabilistic models for describing water-induced internal damage and losses, as well as building envelope damage and losses due to excessive pressure and debris impact. The integration of these models can lead to a design framework that will enable a new generation of safer and more economic buildings subject to wind hazards.