Holocene dynamics of tropical rainforest, climate, fire, human impact and land use in Sulawesi, Indonesia

为了了解雨林的发展和动态以及可持续的土地利用管理，需要对环境变化进行综合研究，包括过去的植被、生物多样性、气候、火灾、人类影响和土地利用动态。我们将沿着联合研究区的海拔和湿度梯度研究现代花粉雨、不同沉积物档案（湖泊、泥炭沼泽、沼泽、小盆地）的岩心，并应用时间高分辨率花粉、木炭和沉积物分析以及放射性碳定年。此外，我们将研究史前巨石文化的发展、土地利用及其对热带雨林的影响，以及苏拉威西中部的历史定居和土地利用变化。本文将验证以下主要假设：(1)干旱事件（厄尔尼诺）及其后果（如火灾）对森林生态系统有显著影响，并增加了海拔和干湿湿度梯度；(2)全新世人类住区对雨林生态系统有强烈影响；(3)干旱事件是未受干扰森林大规模森林更新的主要驱动力。

For understanding rainforest developments and dynamics and for sustainable land use management, an integrated study on environmental changes including past vegetation, biodiversity, climate, fire, human impact and land use dynamics is needed. We will study modern pollen rain, cores from different sediment archives (lakes, peat bogs, swamps, small basins) along elevational and moisture gradients of the joint research area and apply temporal high resolution pollen, charcoal and sediment analysis as well as radiocarbon dating. Further, we will research the pre-historical development of the megaliths culture, land use, and its impacts on rainforests, as well as historical settlement and land-use changes in central Sulawesi. Following main hypotheses will be tested: (1) Drought events (El Nino) and their consequences (e.g. fires) had marked effects on forest ecosystems and increased on elevational as well as wet to dry moisture gradients, (2) Holocene human settlements had a strong impact on rainforest ecosystems, and (3) drought events are a main driver for large scale forest regeneration in undisturbed forests.