Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Paleoethnobotanical Study of Economic Change (c. AD 900-1400) at Quoygrew Farm, Orkney, Scotland.

在盖尔·j·弗里茨（Gayle J. Fritz）博士的指导下，卡特丽娜·亚当斯（Catrina Adams）将研究来自维京时代/中世纪农场遗址Quoygrew（公元900年-公元1400年）的碳化植物遗骸。Quoygrew位于苏格兰北部奥克尼群岛的韦斯特雷。Quoygrew是一个重要的遗址，因为它位于挪威和苏格兰两个国家的边缘，这两个国家形成于维京/中世纪时期。国家的形成伴随着人口规模的变化、宗教意识形态的转变和经济的变化，包括剩余生产的增加和市场经济的开始。了解挪威和苏格兰的国家形成过程如何影响那些生活和工作在与这些新兴国家有密切联系的边缘地区的人是很重要的。亚当斯的分析将有助于确定在这个重要的过渡时期，Quoygrew的生活发生了怎样的变化。古民族植物学，即对植物遗骸的考古研究，是了解住在奎伊格鲁的人的日常生活和在那里做出的经济决策的重要途径。对Quoygrew的农民来说，植物生产很重要，不仅为家庭成员提供植物性食物，而且还允许他们通过生产剩余产品参与更大的经济体系。亚当斯女士将分析作物生产活动的残留物，以确定土地利用、生产策略和劳动力参与随时间的变化。消费习惯也很重要，因为植物性食物和饮食可以很好地表明地位，而控制外来的或意识形态上重要的食物是领导者获得或维持对追随者的政治权力的重要方式。此外，饮食是识别群体成员的重要方式。采用或拒绝采用新食物可能与奥卡迪亚人群体身份的形成有关。亚当斯将识别外来植物和麦芽（用于啤酒）的种子，并追踪它们在整个遗址的分布情况。了解Quoygrew关于植物生产和消费的决定，有助于人类学家了解生活在国家边缘地区的人们如何应对生活方式不断变化的压力。该项目还将通过揭示现代全球化进程而产生更广泛的影响。随着贸易网络的扩大，当地经济决策越来越受到基于非当地条件的对当地产品需求波动的影响。当地生产商如何做出经济决策以应对来自遥远地区的经济压力，是当今日益全球化的市场面临的一个相关问题。此外，该项目的数据将用于为展览和遗址重建提供信息，这将提高公众对遗址的认识，并增加公众对考古学家探索过去的方法的理解。这项研究的结果将以一份现场报告的形式发表在经过评审的期刊上，分析的原始数据将在网上提供，以鼓励科学界使用它。最后，作者将获得古民族植物学方面的专门培训，这将为她在该地区的进一步工作做好准备。

Under the supervision of Dr. Gayle J. Fritz, Catrina Adams will study carbonized plant remains from the transitional Viking Age/Medieval farm site of Quoygrew (900AD -1400AD). Quoygrew is located on Westray, in the Orkney Islands north of Scotland. Quoygrew is an important site because of its position on the periphery of two states, Norway and Scotland, which formed during the Viking/Medieval period. State formation was accompanied by changes in population size, shifts in religious ideology, and economic changes, including increases in surplus production and the beginnings of a market economy. It is important to understand how the process of state formation in Norway and Scotland affected those living and working in more peripheral areas with strong connections to these nascent states. Adams' analyses will help to determine how life changed at Quoygrew during this important transition period. Paleoethnobotany, the archaeological study of plant remains, is an important way to understand the everyday lives of people who lived at Quoygrew, and the economic decisions made there. Production of plants was important to farmers at Quoygrew, providing members of a household with plant foods, but also allowing them to participate in larger economic systems through production of a surplus. Ms Adams will analyze residues from crop production activities to determine changes in land use, production strategies, and labor involvement over time. Consumption practices are also important, because plant foods and diet can be good indicators of status, and control of exotic or ideologically important foods is an important way leaders can gain or maintain political power over followers. In addition, diet is an important way of identifying members of a group. Adoption of new food items or refusal to adopt these items may have been involved in the formation of a group identity among Orcadians. Adams will identify seeds from exotic plants as well as malted barley (used in beer) and track their distribution across the site over time. Understanding decisions made about plant production and consumption at Quoygrew helps anthropologists learn how people living in peripheries of states react to changing pressures on their ways of life. This project will also have a broader impact by shedding light on modern processes of globalization. As trade networks widen, local economic decisions are increasingly influenced by fluctuations in demand for local products based on non-local conditions. How local producers make economic decisions in response to economic pressures from distant areas is a relevant question for today's increasingly global market. In addition, data from the project will be used to inform an exhibit and reconstruction of the site, which will increase public awareness of the site as well as increasing the public's understanding of methods archaeologists use to explore the past. The results of this study will be published in a site report, in refereed journals, and the raw data from the analysis will be available online to encourage its use by the scientific community. Finally, the author will gain specialized training in paleoethnobotany, which will prepare her for further work in the region.