Doctoral Dissertation Research Proposal - The Development of the Medical Market in Genetic Material: A Historical and Contemporary Analysis

对生殖的技术干预已经变得越来越复杂，这需要付费的其他人的参与，远远超出了医患关系的范围。这个项目研究遗传物质市场的结构和经验。目前，有组织的捐赠项目的广告激增，这些项目的付费客户使用生殖技术来怀孕。这创造了遗传物质的市场。本研究探讨了性别规范、市场过程和捐赠项目类型（大学、医疗实践或商业机构）如何相互影响，从而在有组织的捐赠项目中塑造女性和男性被招募、筛选和补偿的过程。首先，通过对20位早期捐赠项目创始人的采访，以及对报纸报道、临床期刊文章和监管材料的分析，研究了遗传物质市场的历史发展。其次，通过对六个捐赠项目的35名工作人员的访谈，对每个项目进行两周的观察，并分析项目材料，包括广告、知情同意书和法律合同，来检查当代捐赠过程的组织。第三，通过对来自这些项目的捐赠者的访谈和对项目网站上发布的捐赠者资料的分析，来检验出售遗传物质的经验。本文的研究有助于(1)性别社会学关于男女生理差异之间的关系以及归因于这些差异的性别规范；(2)经济社会学关于社会因素如何影响市场扩张；(3)医学社会学关于市场与医疗实践的交集。

SES-0602871Gail KligmanRene AlmelingUniversity of California, Los AngelesTechnological interventions into reproduction have become increasingly sophisticated, requiring the participation of paid others far outside the confines of the physician/patient relationship This project examines the structure and experience of the market in genetic material. Currently, there is a proliferation of advertisements placed by organized donation programs whose paying clients use reproductive technologies to conceive children. This creates a market in genetic material. This study asks how gender norms, market processes and donation program type (university, medical practice, or commercial agency) intersect to shape the processes through which women and men are recruited, screened and compensated in organized donation programs. First, the historical development of the market in genetic material is examined through interviews with twenty founders of early donation programs and analysis of newspaper accounts, clinical journal articles, and regulatory materials. Second, the contemporary organization of the donation process is examined through interviews with thirty-five staff at six donation programs, observation in each program for two weeks, and analysis of program materials, including advertisements, informed consent forms, and legal contracts. Third, the experience of selling genetic material is examined through interviews with donors from these same programs and analysis of donor profiles posted on program websites. This dissertation research contributes to debates in (1) the sociology of gender about the relationship between biological differences among women and men and the gendered norms attributed to these differences, (2) economic sociology about how social factors affect the expansion of the market, and (3) medical sociology about the intersection of the market and medical practice.