DOCTORAL DISSERTATION RESEARCH: Regulated Public Environments: The Changing Geography of U.S. Urban Poverty

当代关于集中贫困的研究假设了棘手的贫民窟和垂死的城市核心。与此同时，福利改革和中产阶级化改变了这些辩论的框架，在美国城市地区产生了新的空间安排和新的贫困和机会地理。这个新地理的核心是贫困管理空间，研究人员将其描述为规范的公共环境。虽然人们可以识别出许多类型的贫困地区或贫困公众需要援助的地方，但受监管的公共环境通过与当前贫困监管体系的关系获得了其独特的特征，而这些体系是通过国家机构来维持的。使用一个典型的案例，住房和城市发展部（HUD）的住房机会无处不在（HOPE VI）计划，本研究将探讨如何诊断和管理贫困在当代美国福利国家。它将考虑话语、实践和关系，这些话语、实践和关系塑造了地方住房当局如何实施HOPE VI，并将阐明这些实践中嵌入的贫困管理的历史和社会过程。这项研究将在联邦和地方两级进行：在华盛顿特区，政策制定和监管的地点；在旧金山的一个地方公共住房管理局，政策实施的地点。对旧金山住房管理局制度历史的档案研究和HOPE VI背后的政策制定话语将揭示该计划的目标和手段。在知识生产、决策和机构实践领域的直接观察，包括旧金山住房管理局（SFHA）和专业会议、会议和培训，将揭示机构对贫困、住房和HOPE VI的理解是如何构建和传播的。房屋及房屋管理局的工作人员和参与本地房屋合作的人士，将会探讨他们如何在日常工作中体会和理解扶贫、提供房屋和希望六期计划可能相互冲突的目标。它还将提供一个机会，将这些冲突置于空间中，将它们与新兴的城市贫困管理空间联系起来。最终，本研究将提供经验证据，揭示贫困管理计划如何影响美国城市地区贫困的制度、物理和社会地理和机会。这项工作将HOPE VI作为一个贫困管理项目进行调查，其独特的制度和空间安排产生了特定的紧张和动态。它分析了这些动态如何在地面上发挥作用，将福利国家的学术研究与空间问题联系起来。当灾难性事件迫使国家重新思考其城市贫困人口的脆弱性以及国家在为所有有需要的公民提供基本资源方面的作用时，本项目详细分析了贫困框架、扶贫和城市空间之间的关系，以及后福利时代隐含的贫困管理挑战。期望本研究不仅对学术学科，而且对未来的公共政策、慈善议程设置、城市规划和社区发展的实践具有重要意义。作为博士论文研究改进奖，该奖项还将提供支持，使有前途的学生建立一个强大的独立研究生涯。

Contemporary research on concentrated poverty assumes intractable ghettos and a dying urban core. In the meantime, welfare reform and gentrification have changed the framework for these debates, giving rise to new spatial arrangements and a new geography of poverty and opportunity in America's urban areas. Central to this new geography are spaces of poverty management the researcher describes as regulated public environments. While one can identify numerous types of places where poverty flourishes or where a poor public needs assistance, regulated public environments receive their distinct characteristics through their relationship with the current system of poverty regulation where they are maintained through the apparatus of the state. Using one paradigmatic case, the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)'s Housing Opportunities for People Everywhere (HOPE VI) program, this research will examine how poverty is diagnosed and managed within the contemporary US welfare state. It will consider the discourses, practices, and relationships that shape how a local housing authority implements HOPE VI and will elucidate the historical and social processes of poverty management embedded in those practices. This research will be situated at both the federal and local levels: in Washington DC, the site of policy formulation and regulation, and at a local public housing authority in San Francisco, the site of implementation. Archival research into the institutional history of the San Francisco Housing Authority and the policy-making discourses behind HOPE VI will uncover the goals and means embedded in the program. Direct observation in the arenas of knowledge production, decision-making, and institutional practice including the San Francisco Housing Authority (SFHA) and professional conferences, meetings and trainings will reveal how institutional understandings of poverty, housing, and HOPE VI are constructed and disseminated. Narratives of SFHA staff and participants in local housing collaborations will explore how they experience and make sense of the potentially conflicting goals of poverty alleviation, housing provision, and the HOPE VI program in their everyday work. It also will provide an opportunity to place these conflicts in space, connecting them to emerging spaces of urban poverty management. Ultimately, this research will provide empirical evidence that reveals the ways that poverty-management programs impact the institutional, physical, and social geographies of poverty and opportunity in US urban areas. This work investigates HOPE VI as a project of poverty management with specific tensions and dynamics that emerge from its unique institutional and spatial arrangements. It analyzes how these dynamics play out on the ground, connecting welfare state scholarship to the question of space. At a time when catastrophic events are forcing the nation to rethink the vulnerability of its urban poor and the role of the state in providing basic resources for all citizens in need, this project provides a detailed analysis of the relationship between poverty framing, poverty alleviation and urban space as well as the challenges of poverty management implicit in the post-welfare era. It is expected that this research will be of significance not only to academic disciplines, but also to future public policy, philanthropic agenda-setting, and the practices of urban planning and community development. As a Doctoral Dissertation Research Improvement award, this award also will provide support to enable a promising student to establish a strong independent research career.