Electronic Properties of Metals and Semiconductors

技术概述：该奖项支持理论凝聚态物理学的研究和教育，重点是基于金属的自旋电子学，以及包括量子霍尔效应在内的二维电子系统。研究将集中在磁性金属和半导体中的自旋相关现象，以及包括量子霍尔效应在内的二维电子系统的物理学。磁性金属的研究将建立在这样一种观点上，即当相互作用的电子系统处于输运稳态而不是平衡态时，准粒子的自能被修改，并且这些自能的变化可能是现象学上的结果。铁磁性金属中的自旋力矩就是这个想法的一个例子，但PI计划探索更多其他的例子。一个推广是输运电流驱动的反铁磁金属的序参量动力学。研究半导体磁性的动机是想要了解低载流子密度系统中铁磁转变温度的限制，并寻求有用的新材料。这项研究计划的进展将建立在对金属和半导体的现象学性质（包括磁性）的了解，以及对量子输运理论和量子多体理论技术的经验之上。研究生和本科水平的教育在本质上与研究交织在一起，为培养未来的科学家和工程师提供了一个平台，这些科学家和工程师将为国家的技术知识库做出贡献。我们将努力通过公开讲座和PI的网站与公众分享科学的兴奋。这些相互作用也将被用来帮助解释科学研究在我们国家和世界的关键重要性。该研究可能会对半导体技术产业产生影响。基于该研究项目的见解将与行业联系人自由分享。该奖项支持指导代表性不足的学生，并促进物理社区的多样性；本研究项目支持的女性和少数族裔研究生将为建立一个更加多样化的物理研究社区做出贡献。非技术总结：该奖项支持理论凝聚态物理的研究和教育，重点关注磁性材料中电子可能表现出的令人兴奋的现象，以及它们有效地局限于二维的材料。由于其量子力学性质，电子具有自旋，这是一种固有的角动量，就像陀螺一样自旋。材料的磁性本质上与电子自旋有关。PI将进行磁性半导体和磁性金属的基础研究，目的是发现与电子自旋有关的新现象以及自旋如何在这些材料中移动。了解这些现象可能会带来存储、传输和操作信息的新方法，以及不仅依赖于电子电荷而且依赖于其自旋的新设备。磁性材料是实现自旋电子器件的关键。PI的目标是进一步了解磁性半导体显示磁性的最高温度的基本限制。PI还将开展石墨烯（本质上是石墨的二维层）和量子阱系统（包含有效限制在二维空间的电子）的研究。PI将探索在这些表现出超导性或新的自旋相关现象的系统中可能出现的新物质状态的可能性。研究生和本科水平的教育在本质上与研究交织在一起，为培养未来的科学家和工程师提供了一个平台，这些科学家和工程师将为国家的技术知识库做出贡献。我们将努力通过公开讲座和PI的网站与公众分享科学的兴奋。这些相互作用也将被用来帮助解释科学研究在我们国家和世界的关键重要性。该研究可能会对半导体技术产业产生影响。基于该研究项目的见解将与行业联系人自由分享。该奖项支持指导代表性不足的学生，并促进物理社区的多样性；本研究项目支持的女性和少数族裔研究生将为建立一个更加多样化的物理研究社区做出贡献。

TECHNICAL SUMMARY:This award supports theoretical condensed matter physics research and education focusing on metals based spintronics, and on two-dimensional electron systems including the quantum Hall effect. Research will concentrate on spin related phenomena in magnetic metals and semiconductors and on the physics of two-dimensional electron systems including the quantum Hall effect. The research on magnetic metals will build on the idea that the self-energy of quasiparticles in an interacting electron system is modified when the system is in a transport steady state rather than an equilibrium state, and that these shifts in self-energy can be phenomenologically consequential.Spin torques in ferromagnetic metals provide one example of this idea, but the PI plans to explore many others. One generalization is to transport current driven order parameter dynamics in antiferromagnetic metals. The work on magnetism in semiconductors is motivated by the desire to understand limits on the ferromagnetic transition temperature in low-carrier density systems and by the quest for useful new materials. Progress with this research program will be built on knowledge of the phenomenological properties of metals and semiconductors, including magnetic properties, and on experience with the techniques of quantum transport theory and quantum many-body theory.Education at a graduate and undergraduate level is intertwined in an essential way with the research providing a platform for educating future scientists and engineers that will contribute to the technological knowledge base of the country. Efforts will be made to share the excitement of the science with the general public through public lectures and through the PI's web site. These interactions will also be used to help explain the critical importance of scientific research in our country and the world. The research may have impact on the semiconductor technology industry. Insights based on this research program will be shared freely with industrial contacts. This award supports mentoring underrepresented students and in fostering diversity in the physics community; female and minority Graduate students supported by this research program will contribute to building a physics research community that is more diverse.NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY:This award supports theoretical condensed matter physics research and education focusing on exciting phenomena that may be exhibited by electrons in magnetic materials and in materials in which they are effectively confined to two dimensions. As a consequence of its quantum mechanical nature, an electron has spin, an intrinsic amount of angular momentum, as if it spins like a top. The magnetic properties of materials are fundamentally connected to the electron spin. The PI will carry out fundamental research to study magnetic semiconductors and magnetic metals with an aim to discovering new phenomena associated with electron spin and how spin moves through these materials. Understanding such phenomena may lead to new ways of storing, transmitting, and manipulating information, and to new devices that depend not only on the electron charge for their operation but also on their spin. Magnetic materials hold the key to enable the realization of spintronic devices. The PI aims to further understand fundamental limitations on the highest temperature at which magnetic semiconductors exhibit magnetism. The PI will also carry out research on graphine, essentially a two-dimensional layer of graphite, and on quantum well systems that contain electrons that are effectively confined to two dimensions. The PI will explore the possibility that new states of matter may occur in these systems that exhibit superconductivity or novel spin related phenomena. Education at a graduate and undergraduate level is intertwined in an essential way with the research providing a platform for educating future scientists and engineers that will contribute to the technological knowledge base of the country. Efforts will be made to share the excitement of the science with the general public through public lectures and through the PI's web site. These interactions will also be used to help explain the critical importance of scientific research in our country and the world. The research may have impact on the semiconductor technology industry. Insights based on this research program will be shared freely with industrial contacts. This award supports mentoring underrepresented students and in fostering diversity in the physics community; female and minority Graduate students supported by this research program will contribute to building a physics research community that is more diverse.