Doctoral Dissertation Research: Role of Place in the Development

这个科学与社会论文改进补助金支持论文学生通过提供资金前往阿拉斯加和其他美国地点的档案馆完成她的论文。本论文探讨了自然科学在探索全球现象时如何依赖于地点，以及地点又如何不可避免地塑造了受到审查的科学。所研究的案例是1878年至1959年期间通过在阿拉斯加冰川湾进行的科学研究发展的美国生态学和美国冰川学。借鉴科学史、环境史和地理学的方法论，本文论证了由物理位置和科学家和其他人构建的空间所定义的场所在塑造科学实践和理论方面发挥了重要作用。反过来，科学实践也极大地塑造了这个地方，以及美国公众如何认识和理解冰川湾。为了支持这些论点，本论文将采用大量的原始材料收集档案位于美国各地，从阿拉斯加到巴尔的摩，包括通信和现场笔记本，尚未访问这样的分析。本论文还将在很大程度上依赖于科学家收集的科学数据的分析，包括地图，照片和物种组成列表，其中大部分是位于世界数据中心的冰川戈伊（WDC）在博尔德，科罗拉多，并与美国地质调查局（USGS）的布鲁斯莫尼亚。这篇论文的学术价值在于它对越来越多的关于科学地位的文献的贡献，特别是重要的科学史家对实地研究的最近分析。本论文将深化和拓展对田野研究中场所的理解。在这个广泛的框架内，并通过其重点放在地方，本文还提出了几个论点，挑战和加强美国生态学和冰川学和气候变化的常设史学。此外，本文探讨了跨学科研究在这一时期的性质和挑战的学科建设和增加专业化在20世纪上半叶的一些历史论点。本论文的更广泛的影响包括促进跨学科的工作，改善档案资源的访问，并提高科学保护和全球气候变化理论的历史认识。首先，该项目将涉及与美国地质勘探局的一个团队在阿拉斯加进行为期几周的实地研究。这项研究将有助于在冰川湾目前的研究，而合作的实地考察将提高拟议的论文的科学内容的历史观点。第二，该项目将涉及与两个国家科学研究组织，即国家海洋和大气层管理局（诺阿）和美国地质勘探局密切合作。在利用NOAA资助的WDC保存的材料，本论文进行的研究将涉及帮助档案管理员在WDC更有效地组织和提供历史科学期刊和数据集。最后，在探讨地方的研究，科学家保护这样一个野生研究地点的行动主义，以及关于全球气候变化的理论，本论文将探讨荒野保护的科学历史价值，以及对气候变化的历史认识。由于土地保护和气候变化理论已成为美国社会中有争议的问题，本文将带来一个历史的理解，从争议较少的时候，承担目前的论点，并有助于澄清目前的辩论荒野土地和气候变化理论。这项研究的近期目标是写一篇论文，更大的计划是写一本书，也许还有一两篇相关的文章。

This Science and Society Dissertation Improvement Grant supports a dissertation student in completing her dissertation by providing funds to travel to archives in Alaska and other U.S. locations. The dissertation explores the ways in which natural science depended on place even as it probed for global phenomena and how, in turn, place inevitably shaped the science under scrutiny. The case under study is the development of American ecology and American glaciology through scientific studies done in Glacier Bay, Alaska, between 1878 and 1959. Drawing on the methodologies of the history of science, environmental history, and geography, this dissertation demonstrates that place, defined by both the physical location and the spaces constructed by scientists and others, played an important role in shaping scientific practice and theory. In turn, scientific practice also greatly shaped the place and how the American public came to know and understand Glacier Bay. To support these arguments, this dissertation will employ a large collection of primary materials from archives located across the United States,from Alaska to Baltimore,including correspondence and field notebooks that have not yet been accessed for such analysis. This dissertation will also rely heavily on analysis of scientific data gathered by the scientists, including maps, photographs, and species compositions lists, much of which is located at the World Data Center for Glaciolo gy (WDC) in Boulder, Colorado, and with Bruce Molnia of the United States Geological Survey (USGS). The intellectual merit of this dissertation lies in its contributions to a growing body of literature on the placedness of science, especially more recent analyses of field research by important historians of science. This dissertation will deepen and expand the understanding of place in field research. Within this broad framework and through its focus on place, this dissertation also makes several arguments that challenge and enhance the standing historiography on American ecology and on glaciology and climate change. In addition, this dissertation explores the nature of interdisciplinary studies during this time period and challenges some of the historical arguments made about discipline building and increased specialization in the first half of the twentieth century. The broader impacts of this dissertation include promoting interdisciplinary work,improving access to archival sources, and enhancing the historical understanding of scientific conservation and theories of global climate change. First, this project will involve several weeks of field research in Alaska with a team from the USGS. This research will contribute a historical perspective to current studies conducted in Glacier Bay while the cooperative field reconnaissance will enhance the scientific content of the proposed dissertation. Second, this project will involve working intimately with two national scientific research organizations, namely the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the USGS. In making use of materials kept at the NOAA-funded WDC, the research undertaken for this dissertation will involve helping the archivist at the WDC to more effectively organize and make available historical scientific journals and data sets. Finally, in exploring the study of place, activism by scientists to preserve such a wild study site, and the theories drawn about global climate change, this dissertation will explore the historical value of wilderness preservation for science and also the historical understanding of climate change. As both land preservation and climate change theories have become contentious issues in American society, this dissertation will bring a historical understanding from less contentious times to bear on current arguments and help to clarify current debates about wilderness lands and climate change theories. The immediate goal of the proposed research is a dissertation, with a larger plan for a book and perhaps one or tworelated articles.