Doctoral Dissertation Research: The Emotions of Public Housing Policy - A Critical Humanist Exploration of the Creation and Implementation of HOPE VI

在过去的15年里，美国的公共住房格局发生了戏剧性的变化。这一转变的一个重要部分是HOPE VI，这是住房和城市发展部创建的一项计划，目的是改变和/或拆除严重受损的财产。HOPE VI计划建议以新都市主义的规划原则为基础，用新的公共住房景观取代营房风格和高层公寓：小规模开发独户住宅和联排别墅。鉴于巨大的财政投入，激进的景观改变，以及对居民生活的影响，研究人员一直有兴趣批判性地分析(1)为什么创建HOPE VI，以及(2)HOPE VI是如何实施的。分析使用了历史、经济和政治的视角来完成这些任务。然而，这些分析将住房和城市发展部官员、国会议员和住房管理局官员视为受经济和政治驱动的官僚机器中的仅仅单元。没有考虑决策过程中人的情感层面，导致对HOPE VI的不完整和歪曲的理解。本项目通过提出两个问题来探讨具体的情感如何影响和影响HOPE VI的创建和实施：1.情感如何帮助决策者形成共识；2.情感如何影响地方住房当局的申请和实施过程？为了回答这些问题，该项目围绕政府官员的“情绪化叙述”--他们对公共住房景观充满感情的描述和表现--进行了分析。我们将使用一种混合的方法来访问情感叙事：对国会和住房和城市发展部文件的档案分析，对创建HOPE VI的主要参与者的半结构化访谈，以及对两个获得HOPE VI赠款的城市-肯塔基州列克星敦和北卡罗来纳州夏洛特-的半结构化访谈和参与者观察。这项研究加深了我们对住房政策制定和实施的理解。研究往往假设政府官员和政策制定者缺乏感情。因此，很少有人分析HUD和公共住房当局的内部运作。通过关注政府官员对公共住房环境的情绪化描述和表现，这个项目将反驳政府机构是铁板一块的刻板印象，并将阐明公共政策过程是如何运作的。传播这项研究的结果有可能鼓励地理学家思考情感、景观和政策的交集，并可能为心理学家带来关于景观的新对话，为政府官员和专业人员带来情感。这项研究还将提供一个框架，以评估和理解未来有关公共住房环境的政策决定。

The public housing landscape in the United States has undergone dramatic shifts over the past fifteen years. An important part of this shift is HOPE VI, a program created by the Department of Housing and Urban Development in order to alter and/or demolish severely distressed properties. The HOPE VI program proposes to replace barracks-style and high rise apartments with a new public housing landscape based on the planning principles of New Urbanism: small-scale developments of single family homes and townhouses. Given the massive financial investment, radical landscape alteration, and impact on residents' lives, researchers have been interested in critically analyzing (1) why HOPE VI was created and (2) how HOPE VI has been implemented. Analyses have used historical, economic, and political lenses for these tasks. These analyses, however, treat HUD officials, Congressmen, and housing authority officials as mere units in a bureaucratic machine driven by economics and politics. The human, emotional dimension of decision making is not considered, resulting in an incomplete and skewed understanding of HOPE VI. This project explores how specific emotions have influenced and impacted the creation and implementation of HOPE VI by asking two questions: 1. how do emotions help form consensus among policymakers and 2. how do emotions inform the application and implementation process for local housing authorities? To answer these questions, the project is organized around an analysis of government officials' 'emotive narratives' - their emotion-laden descriptions and representations of public housing landscapes. A mixed methods approach will be used to access emotive narratives: archival analysis of Congressional and HUD documents, semi-structured interviews with key players in the creation of HOPE VI, and semi-structured interviews and participant observation in two cities with HOPE VI grants - Lexington, Kentucky and Charlotte, North Carolina.This research enhances our understanding of housing policy creation and implementation. Research often assumes that government officials and policymakers are emotion-less. As a result, the inner workings of HUD and public housing authorities are rarely analyzed. By attending to government officials' emotive descriptions and representations of the public housing landscape, this project will counter stereotypes of government agencies as monolithic entities and will shed light on how the public policy process works. Disseminating the results of this research has the potential to encourage geographers to think about the intersection of emotions, landscape, and policy and will also bring a potentially new conversation about landscape to psychologists and emotions to government officials and professionals. The research will also provide a framework for evaluating and understanding future policy decisions regarding the public housing landscape.