Doctoral Dissertation Research: A Sociological Analysis of Free Market Emergence in Post-Socialist Countries

SES- 0623529PI: Joel AndreasCo-PI: Corey PattersonJohns Hopkins university该co-PI将在本博士论文改进研究中研究后社会主义国家的自由市场出现。人们是否会为了新的市场机会而放弃以前建立的组织形式？或者，他们会保护自己不受自由放任的市场行为所带来的变化的影响吗？可以观察到各种各样的反应和结果，但是如何解释这些变化以及它们改变的可能性有多大？共同pi在前苏联新独立国家（NIS）当前农业转型的背景下研究这些问题。迄今为止，新独立国家生产商业农业的努力自相矛盾地增加了维持生计的生产。虽然政策制定者将这一现象解释为需要更大的市场改革，但后社会主义文学的社会学认为，社会主义崩溃后立即出现的农业实践类型可能会持续存在，因为随着时间的推移，转向商业农业的交易成本会增加。然而，这些文献并没有告诉我们，如果交易成本降低，维持生计的生产继续下去的可能性有多大。本研究通过将后社会主义社会学的见解纳入一个旨在分析非商业组织形式（如生存、市场改革和商业组织形式）之间关系的框架内，填补了这一空白。该研究认为，遥远的劳动力市场与维持生计之间的关系是一个关键关系。联合调查委员会将研究摩尔多瓦共和国集体农场部门和格鲁吉亚以亲属关系为基础的生计部门的案例，因为它们为审查新独立国家对新兴市场问题的不同反应提供了机会。该项目有三个目标：(1)解释为什么市场改革导致了新独立国家部分地区自给生产的增加，(2)解释为什么这些国家中的一些国家比其他国家更抵制市场改革，(3)分析这些新的和现有的安排最终可能会或可能不会让位于自由市场农业。主要数据来源是四个产酒村、政府统计数据和世界银行家庭消费调查。更广泛的影响。这项研究更广泛的影响在于它对新独立国家的土地变化文献的贡献，并帮助我们理解世界范围内的土地政策。此外，研究结果将有助于我们更好地了解该模型的潜在全面性及其局限性。

SES- 0623529PI: Joel AndreasCo-PI: Corey PattersonJohns Hopkins UniversityThe co-PI will study free market emergence in post-socialist countries in this Doctoral Dissertation Improvement research. Do people turn their back on previously-established forms of organization in favor of new market opportunities? Or, do they shield themselves from changes created by laissez-faire market behavior? A variety of reactions and outcomes can be observed, but what explains these variations and how likely are they to change? The co-PI studies these questions in the context of the current agricultural transformations of the Newly Independent States (NIS) of the former Soviet Union. To date, Newly Independent State efforts to produce commercial farming have paradoxically increased subsistence production. While policy makers explain this phenomenon in terms of a need for greater market reform, the sociology of post-socialism literature argues that the types of farming practices that emerged immediately after the collapse of socialism are likely to persist, as the transaction costs of switching to commercial farming increase as time goes by. This literature, however, does not inform us about how likely subsistence production is to continue if transaction costs are reduced. This study fills that void by incorporating the insights of the sociology of post-socialism within a framework designed to analyze the relationships among non-commercial forms of organization such as subsistence, market reform, and commercial forms of organization. The study assumes that the relationships between distant labor markets and sustaining subsistence livelihoods is a key relationship. The co-PI will study the cases of the collective farm sector in the Republic of Moldova and the kinship-based subsistence sector of Georgia, as they offer the opportunity to examine diverging responses to the question of emerging markets in the Newly Independent States. The project has three goals: (1) to explain why market reforms have led to an increase in subsistence production in parts of the Newly Independent States, (2) to explain why some of these countries are more resistant to market reforms than others, and (3) to analyze how these new and existing arrangements may or may not eventually give way to free market agriculture. The main data sources are four wine-producing villages, government statistics and World Bank household consumption surveys.Broader Impacts. The broader impacts of the study are its contributions to the literature on agrarian change in the Newly Independent States and to helping us understand agrarian policy worldwide. Also, research findings will help us better understand the potential comprehensiveness of this model and as well as its limitations.