IPY: Collaborative Research: A Prototype Network for Measuring Arctic Winter Precipitation and Snow Cover (Snow-Net)

为了提高监测能力，提出了在北极5个站点同时测量降雪和地面积雪的国际网络原型。所有这些地点都被确定为泛北极监测网络的关键地点，并将增加现有的气象和雪测量仪器，包括固态雪枕、加热板降水传感器、雪栅栏和用于升华计算的涡流相关塔。地面调查还将使用能够快速收集广泛数据的工具，对积雪深度、水当量和其他属性进行调查。这些将通过廉价平台（风筝和无人机）的航空摄影和空中遥感来增强，以可视化漂移和沉积模式。仪器和测量的组合套件旨在关闭每个站点的冬季水平衡，首次平衡降水和测量的积累。利用一套建模工具（例如，融化模型和吹雪的运输模型），PI将a)通过在传感器和仪器之间进行交叉比较，开发用于质量检查气象和雪数据的方法和算法；b)以一种比目前收集的更准确的冬季降水和地面雪值的方式关闭水平衡。c)将一种方法应用于现有测量网络的历史数据，以更好地估计过去的趋势。

A prototype international network is proposed to measure snowfall and ground snow at 5 arctic sites concurrently in an effort to improve the ability to monitor. All of the sites have been identified as key locations in a pan-arctic monitoring network and will augment existing meteorological and snow measuring instrumentation with solid-state snow pillows, heated plate precipitation sensors, snow fences, and eddy correlation towers for computation of sublimation. Ground surveys will also be conducted for snow cover depth, water equivalent, and other properties using tools that allow rapid collection of extensive data. These will be augmented with aerial photography and airborne remote sensing from inexpensive platforms (kites and UAVs) to visualize drift and deposition patterns. The combined suite of instruments and measurements is designed to allow closure of the winter water balance at each site, for the first time balancing the precipitation with measured accumulation. Using a set of modeling tools (e.g., a melt model, and a transport model for blowing snow), the PI's will a) develop methods and algorithms for quality checking both meteorological and snow data by cross-comparison between sensors and instruments, b) close the water balance in a way that produces more accurate values of winter precipitation and snow on the ground than are currently being collected, and c) apply a methodology to historical data from the existing gauge network to produce better estimates of past trends.