Advancing Space Weather Science and Its Use Through Policy Research

研究人员将开展研究，以扩大空间天气科学进步的好处，并缩短实现这些好处所需的时间。这项研究将发展政策分析，将建立空间气象科学家和政策制定者的能力，以改善有关受空间天气影响的当前和未来技术的决策。具体而言，该项目将：(1)识别和分析空间天气领域当前和未来的政策问题；(2)识别和分析以下三个领域中过去的里程碑，以及它们之间的关系：技术系统的出现，我们对空间天气的理解的进展，以及与空间天气有关的社会和政策问题；(3)将这些研究成果整合到美国气象学会（AMS）正在开发的大学政策课程和案例研究中；(4)与大学合作制定AMS政策研究计划，让学生进行独立研究并学习政策研究方法。越来越多的人一致认为，如果科学进步和应用的目标更加一体化，研究的实际效益就会更快。调查人员将把它们视为一个综合的、不可分割的、整体的活动。这在将物理科学与社会科学/政策结合起来方面开辟了新天地，从而改变了两者的开展方式。该研究项目将促进对空间天气政策问题的理解，并建立下一代空间天气科学家的能力，以支持决策者面对日益复杂的科学和技术政策问题。这将通过开展必要的政策研究和教育空间气象学生在政策过程中变得知识渊博和有效来实现。这将加速科学的进步及其应用。此外，这项工作将大大增加了解空间天气和相关政策问题的人数。政策研究加上对科学进步带来效益的过程的理解，可以大大加快效益的实现。这种方法在空间天气方面的成功可以促进相关领域类似的加速，因为该领域代表了地球系统科学界更广泛地面临的政策问题的一个缩影：例如，数据共享、大量研发的需要、向用户发出警告、预报和信息的公私混合方面。研究部分将使人们更好地了解空间天气的社会、政策和经济方面，并使科学家能够促进将他们的研究进展应用于社会效益。这项研究还将为政策制定提供资料。研究结果可以帮助各行业更加了解空间天气信息可以提供什么，以及它如何减轻风险，提高其运营的安全性和效率。通过将这些结果整合到AMS正在进行的教育工作中，它将使下一代科学家能够更有效地与决策者沟通，并将科学的好处传达给公众。总的来说，这项工作将提高社会对空间天气的认识，并证明需要国家关注。

The investigators will conduct research to expand the benefits from scientific advances in space weather and shorten the time required to realize these benefits. This study will develop policy analyses that will build the capacity of space weather scientists and policy makers to improve decision making regarding present and future technologies impacted by space weather. Specifically, this project will: (1) identify and analyze current and future policy issues within the space weather field; (2) identify and analyze past milestones in each of the following three areas and how they relate to each other: emergence of technological systems, progress of our understanding of space weather, and societal and policy issues with respect to space weather; (3) integrate these research results into the ongoing American Meteorological Society (AMS) development of university policy curricula and case studies; and (4) develop an AMS policy research program in collaboration with universities that allows students to conduct independent research and learn about policy research methods. There is a growing consensus that suggests practical benefits of research would be more rapid if the goals of scientific advance and application were more integrated. The investigators will treat them as an integrated, inseparable, and holistic activity. This breaks new ground in coupling physical science and social science/policy, thereby changing the manner in which both are conducted. The research project will advance understanding of space weather policy issues and build the capacity of the next generation of space weather scientists to support decision-makers confronting increasingly complex scientific and technical policy issues. This will be accomplished by developing the needed policy research and educating space weather students to become knowledgeable and effective in the policy process. This will accelerate the progress in the science as well as its application. Additionally, this work will significantly increase the number of people who understand both space weather and the associated policy issues. Policy research coupled with an understanding of the process by which benefits are derived from science advance can greatly accelerate the realization of benefits. The success of this in space weather can foster similar acceleration in related fields since the field represents a microcosm of the policy issues confronting the Earth system science community more broadly: e.g., data sharing, the need for substantial R&D, communicating warnings to users, the mixed public-private dimensions of forecasts and information. The research component will lead to a better understanding of the social, policy, and economic aspects of space weather and enable scientists to facilitate application of their research progress into societal benefit. The research will also provide information for policy formulation. The results can assist industries in becoming more aware of what space weather information can provide and how it can mitigate risks and improve the safety and efficiency of their operations. By integrating these results into the ongoing educational effort at AMS, it will allow the next generation of scientists to be more effective in communicating with policy makers and communicating the benefits of science to the public. Overall, this work will increase societal awareness of space weather and justify the needed national attention.