Doctoral Dissertation Research: Testing the Subsistence Model for the Adoption of Ceramic Technology among Coastal Foragers of Southeastern Brazil

许多人认为，狩猎采集群体采用陶器是为了维持生计，如储存和烹饪/食品加工。另一些人认为，早期的陶器支持了一种社会分化的体系，在竞争性的宴会中，陶器被用作一种威望物品，或者被用作群体精英成员的服务容器。数千年来，一群以狩猎采集为生的人在巴西大西洋沿岸沿着开采丰富的海洋和陆地资源，建造大型贝类土丘，称为sambaills，人们在那里建造村庄，埋葬死者。陶器最早出现在1000年前的桑巴基遗址，当时技术上没有其他明显的变化。这项研究将测试的生存模式，通过陶瓷技术之间的sambaqui组，并提供了一个全面的研究沿海觅食饮食在巴西东南部从5000至600 BP。这项研究检验了考古记录中陶器的出现表明饮食或食品加工技术发生变化的假设。研究人员将使用巴西圣卡塔里纳和里约热内卢州考古遗址的人类骨骼和牙齿遗骸来调查沿海觅食者的饮食是否随着陶器的采用而改变。这些种群是这项研究的理想对象，因为它们在很长一段时间内沿着沿着大西洋海岸开发海洋和陆地资源，而且环境稳定。研究人员将分析来自骨胶原和磷灰石的稳定碳和氮同位素比率，以检查陶器引入前后植物和动物消费的来源。这项研究将是第一个直接探讨沿海觅食群体在1000 BP开始种植玉米的可能性。研究人员将使用纹理分析进行牙齿微磨损的研究，这种方法将创建牙齿表面咬合方面的3D图像。该方法具有观测误差小、可量化、可重复性好等特点。微磨损数据将用于评估陶瓷前和陶瓷职业之间的饮食变化，以及确定食品加工技术是否随着陶瓷的采用而发生变化。这项研究将解决人类学中有关史前遗址陶器的社会政治和经济相关性的理论问题，并探讨定居狩猎采集者技术变革的社会动力学。它还将提供有助于沿海环境史前适应模型的饮食数据。该项目将为研究生提供必要的培训和资格，以追求未来的人类学研究作为博士学位，并将为未来与巴西考古学家和人类学家的合作调查奠定基础。本论文的结果将在科学会议和同行评审期刊上向更广泛的学术界介绍。

Many argue that hunter-gatherer groups adopt pottery for subsistence purposes, such as storage and cooking/food processing. Others argue that early pottery supports a system of social differentiation, whereby it is used as a prestige item in competitive feasting or as serving vessels for elite members of the group. For thousands of years, groups of fisher-hunter-gatherers exploited abundant marine and terrestrial resources along the Atlantic coast of Brazil, and constructed large shellfish mounds, called sambaquis, where people built villages and buried their dead. Pottery first appeared at sambaqui sites 1000 years ago, with no other evident change in technology. This research will test the subsistence model for the adoption of ceramic technology among sambaqui groups, and provide a comprehensive study of coastal forager diet in southeastern Brazil from 5000 to 600 BP. This study examines the assumption that the appearance of pottery in the archaeological record indicates a shift in diet or food processing techniques.The investigators will use human skeletal and dental remains from archaeological sites in the Brazilian states of Santa Catarina and Rio de Janeiro to investigate whether the diet of coastal foragers changed with the adoption of pottery. These populations are ideal for this study because they exploited marine and terrestrial resources along the Atlantic coast over a long and environmentally stable period of time. The researchers will analyze stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios derived from bone collagen and apatite to examine sources of plant and animal consumption before and after the introduction of pottery. This study will be the first to directly explore the possibility that coastal foraging groups began cultivating maize at 1000 BP. The researchers will conduct a study of dental microwear using texture analysis, a method that will create a 3D image of the occlusal aspect of the tooth surface. This method has a low rate of observer error, and is quantifiable and repeatable. Microwear data will be used to evaluate changes in diet between Pre-Ceramic and Ceramic occupations, as well as determine if changes in food processing techniques occurred with the adoption of pottery. This study will address theoretical problems in anthropology regarding the sociopolitical and economic correlates of pottery at prehistoric sites, and explore the social dynamics of technological change among sedentary hunter-gatherers. It will also provide dietary data that will contribute to models of prehistoric adaptation in coastal environments. This project will supply the graduate student with the training and qualifications necessary to pursue future anthropological research as a PhD, and will lay a foundation for future collaborative investigations with archaeologists and anthropologists in Brazil. The results of this dissertation will be presented to the broader academic community at scientific meetings and peer-reviewed journals.