Collaborative Research: Predicting & Tackling the Emerging Public Health Threat of Nitrogenous Disinfection Byproducts

CBET-0651732威廉米奇耶鲁大学合作研究：预测和应对氮消毒副产品新出现的公共健康威胁与合作提案0651333(UIUC的Michael Plewa)该项目旨在通过三种方法调查氮消毒副产品(N-DBPs)的形成、毒性和发生：(1)调查单一和多种消毒剂的小规模实验；(2)水处理设施的采样；以及(3)小规模的体外毒性分析。过去和现在感兴趣的N-DBPs主要由低分子化合物组成，如氯苦和N-亚硝基二甲胺(NDMA)。然而，它们的胺前体(例如单胺和二甲胺)在水源中的浓度通常比侧链中含有伯胺和仲胺的组合氨基酸的浓度低两个数量级。因此，如果由氨基酸前体形成N-二溴联苯并苯二酚(例如亚硝化氨基酸)的毒性(例如致癌潜力)与氯化苦参碱和NDMA相似，则这类化合物可能会对人类健康构成重大风险。该项目将对最大限度减少N-DBP形成的消毒方案进行评估。公用事业公司目前正在改变其消毒做法，以降低THM和HAA的浓度，该项目的结果将有助于避免促进形成更有毒的二恶英的计划。

CBET-0651732 William MitchYale UniversityCollaborative Research: Predicting & Tackling the Emerging PublicHealth Threat of Nitrogenous Disinfection ByproductsLead proposal with collaborative proposal 0651333 (Michael Plewa, UIUC)This project seeks to investigate the formation, toxicity, and occurrence of nitrogenous disinfection by-products (N-DBPs) using three approaches: (1) bench-scale experiments investigating single and multiple disinfectants; (2) sampling of water treatment facilities; and (3) bench-scale in-vitro toxicity assays. N-DBPs of past and current interest consist primarily of low molecular weight compounds such as chloropicrin and N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA). However, concentrations of their amine precursors (e.g., mono- and dimethylamine) typically are two orders of magnitude lower in source waters than those of combined amino acids containing primary and secondary amines in their side chains. Formation of N-DBPs (e.g., nitrosated amino acids) from amino acid precursors thus may represent a significant human health risk if the toxicity (e.g., carcinogenic potential) of such compounds is similar to chloropicrin and NDMA. The project will evaluate disinfection schemes that minimize N-DBP formation. Utilities currently are altering their disinfection practices to reduce THM and HAA concentrations, and the results of this project will be useful to avoid schemes that promote the formation of more toxic DBPs.