Ponds and Streams: Hydrological, Biogeochemical and Water Quality Function

池塘和溪流：水文、生物地球化学和水质功能本项目将开发和扩展一种化学计量过程矢量可视化和量化方法，以确定（在小时的时间尺度上）溪流中的生物地球化学过程，并量化基本的生物地球化学反应速率。通过建立高频多参数测量方法，识别/量化控制FePO4产生CO2、硝化、反硝化和氧化还原释放PO4的代谢过程，将更好地评估浅水系统水质控制的时空变异性（时间步长10-75min）。该项目将开发和部署新的仪器，通过结合泵送剖面仪/YSI系统（O2、CO2、温度、pH浊度、荧光和特定电导率）、Envirotech Microlab NO3+NO2、NH3和PO4营养分析仪系统和METS甲烷采样器，量化一个小池塘和两个低阶溪流的生物地球化学水质功能。预计在池塘中部署一周，在溪流中部署多日，测量间隔为10分钟。这套测量方法涵盖了大多数溪流/池塘在较宽的Eh/pH范围内预期的主要代谢反应途径。这套新仪器将部署在郊区的一个小池塘中，该池塘经历了一系列快速变化的生物地球化学条件，部分原因是物理过程；这些数据将使广泛的生物地球化学过程得以观察并与理论进行比较。该设备还将部署在两个低阶流中，覆盖一系列环境。该分析将阐明水文、气象、分层和去分层对滞留池（以每年4%的速度增长的水文组成部分）生物地球化学功能的控制，以及代表水文网络重要组成部分的低阶溪流的生物地球化学功能。

Ponds and Streams: Hydrological, Biogeochemical and Water Quality FunctionThis project will develop and expand a stoichiometric Process Vector visualization and quantification approach to identify (on the timescale of hours) biogeochemical processes in streams and to quantify fundamental biogeochemical reaction rates. By developing methods to identify/quantify controlling metabolic processes for CO2 production, nitrification, denitrification and redox release of PO4 from FePO4 via multi-parameter measures at high frequencies, the hydrologic community will be better enabled to evaluate the spatial and temporal variability (time step 10-75min) of the water quality controls in shallow aquatic systems. The project will develop and deploy new instrumentation to quantify the biogeochemical water quality function of a small pond and two low order streams by combining a pumped-profiler/YSI system (O2, CO2, temperature, pH turbidity, fluorescence and specific conductivity) and an Envirotech Microlab nutrient analyzer system for NO3+NO2, NH3, and PO4 and a METS methane sampler. A measurement interval of 10mins is anticipated with week long deployments in ponds and multi-day deployments in streams. This suite of measurements covers the anticipated dominant metabolic reaction pathways for most streams/ponds over a wide Eh/pH range. The new suite of instrumentation will be deployed in a small suburban pond that undergoes a range of rapidly changing biogeochemical conditions driven in part by physical processes; this data will enable a broad range of biogeochemical processes to be observed and compared to theory. The equipment will also be deployed in two low order streams that cover a range of environments. The analysis will enable an elucidation of hydrologic, meteorologic, stratification and destratification controls on the biogeochemical function of detention ponds (a hydrologic component growing at 4%/yr) and the biogeochemical function of low order streams that represent an important component of the hydrologic network.