Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Conflict and Cooperation in Nuclear and Extended Families Among the Tsimane' of Bolivia

在希拉德·卡普兰博士的指导下，研究生乔纳森·斯蒂格利茨将调查齐曼人核心家庭和大家庭中发生冲突的条件。Tsimane‘是居住在玻利维亚亚马逊盆地的美洲印第安人采摘园艺家群体。研究将分三个阶段进行，为期三个月，主要在齐曼的四个村庄进行。在第一阶段，斯蒂格利茨将收集和更新人口普查和人口数据，记录亲属关系和生育史。他还将就引发家庭纠纷的社会和经济问题对成年人进行无组织的采访。在第二阶段，他将进行结构化的访谈，重点是家庭中的任务委派、儿童对执行所分配任务的抵制，以及对大约150名参与者的惩罚。最后，在第三阶段，他将通过对大约300名成年人的结构化访谈，研究在核心亲属和扩展亲属之间产生冲突的问题，以及在此类冲突之后的支持网络。这项研究将有助于儿童发展和家庭关系的文化研究，以及亲属冲突与合作的生态和进化研究。这是首批探索亲属冲突在一个小规模、自然生育、没有多少可继承财富的社会中所起作用的项目之一。揭示齐曼人之间亲属纠纷差异的决定因素，将有助于我们对人类冲突的理论理解，从而阐明我们应该在什么情况下在其他社交场合发生家庭纠纷。Tsimane‘提供了一个很好的机会来研究文化和生态对家庭冲突与合作的影响，因为它们仍然投入大量的时间和精力在觅食活动上，并居住在由大家庭组成的集群中。这项研究也将有助于研究生的教育。

Under the supervision of Dr. Hillard Kaplan, graduate student Jonathan Stieglitz will investigate the conditions under which conflict occurs in nuclear and extended families among the Tsimane'. The Tsimane' are an Amerindian population of forager-horticulturalists living in the Amazon basin of Bolivia. Research will be organized into three, three-month phases and will mainly take place in four Tsimane' villages. During phase one Mr. Stieglitz will collect and update census and demographic data, documenting kinship relations and reproductive histories. He will also conduct unstructured interviews among adults on the social and economic issues generating disputes in families. During phase two, he will conduct structured interviews focusing on task delegation in households, children's resistance toward performing assigned tasks, and punishment among roughly 150 participants. Finally, during phase three he will examine the issues generating conflict among nuclear and extended kin, along with support networks following such disputes using structured interviews among roughly 300 adults.This research will contribute to the cultural study of child development and family relations, and the ecological and evolutionary study of kin conflict and cooperation. This is one of the first projects to explore the role of kin conflict in a small-scale, natural fertility society without much inhertiable wealth. Uncovering the determinants of variation in kin disputes among the Tsimane' will advance our theoretical understanding of human conflict by illuminating the conditions under which we should expect family quarrels to occur in other socieites. The Tsimane' offer an excellent opportunity to study the effects of culture and ecology on family conflict and cooperation since they still invest much time and energy in foraging activities and reside in clusters composed of extended family households. The research also will contribute to the education of a graduate student.