Collaborative Research: Inglefield Land Archaeology Project IPY initiative: Dynamic social systems at the entrance to Greenland

共同调查人员克里斯汀·达文特（加州大学戴维斯分校人类学系）和吉纳维芙·勒莫因（鲍登学院佩里-麦克米伦北极博物馆）将于2008年和2009年夏季在两个图勒/因纽特遗址进行考古发掘。目的是调查该地区的史前-历史过渡，并了解这一时期的关键文化接触和环境变化。这里的史前过渡可以追溯到19世纪。1818年，当约翰·罗斯第一次在约克角停泊时，与欧美人的零星接触开始了，1850年后变得越来越频繁。与此同时，（大约在1860年）因纽特人吸收了一群来自巴芬岛的移民融入他们的社会。这两个过程都对因纽特人社会产生了重大而持久的影响，因为它们都涉及引入或重新引入重要的技术，所以它们都值得考古调查。将使用各种方法进行技术研究，以了解因纽特人如何在其活动中采用新的工具和材料，以及这些变化对他们的生活产生了什么影响。19世纪还见证了小冰河期的结束，随着气候变暖的加剧，动植物的数量和分布也发生了变化，目前还没有文献记载。对这些遗址的重要经济动物和昆虫动物群的研究将解决这些变化的时间和范围问题，以及因纽特人？S对他们的反应。这些地点是根据小组在2004年和2005年进行的调查而选定的。2008年，该团队将在格林内尔角挖掘史前晚期/早期历史上的冬季住宅，这是19世纪50年代由以利沙·肯特·凯恩首次发现的一个最近被遗弃的房屋。2009年，研究小组将把重点放在qqaqitsut上，这是一个冬季村庄，大约从公元1200年到最近的20世纪80年代。房屋和邻近的垃圾堆将被挖掘。他们还将详细绘制这两个多组分站点的地图。在格林内尔角，地貌学研究将帮助团队了解海滩山脊的发展，这些山脊已经被占领了4000多年。调查人员将处理基本文化史的问题；土著群体之间以及欧美人和因纽特人之间的文化接触；适应不断变化的极地环境；以及哺乳动物生物地理学。这个项目是NSF的一部分。美国对国际极地年研究的投资。该项目是一个国际合作项目，有来自美国、加拿大、丹麦和格陵兰的研究人员（包括当地因纽特人社区的成员）参与。

Co-Investigators Christyann Darwent (Department of Anthropology, University of California-Davis) and Genevieve LeMoine (Peary-MacMillan Arctic Museum, Bowdoin College) will undertake archaeological excavation at two Thule/Inughuit sites in the summers of 2008 and 2009. The goal is to investigate the prehistoric-historic transition in this region, and to gain an understanding of this period of key culture contact and environmental change. The prehistoric-historic transition here dates to the 19th century. Sporadic contact with Euro-Americans began in 1818 when John Ross first anchored off Cape York, and became increasingly frequent after 1850. At the same time, (ca. 1860) the Inughuit assimilated into their society a group of migrants from Baffin Island. Both of these processes had major and lasting impacts on Inughuit society, and because both of them involved introducing, or re-introducing, important technologies, they are amenable to archaeological investigation. Technological studies, using a variety of approaches, will be used to understand how the Inughuit adopted new tools and materials into their activities, and what impact such changes had on their lives. The nineteenth century also saw the end of the Little Ice Age, with increased warming accompanied by as-yet undocumented changes in the abundance and distribution of plants and animals. Studies of both economically important animals and the insect fauna of the sites will address questions of the timing and scope of these changes, as well as the Inughuit?s responses to them.Sites have been selected on the basis of surveys conducted by the team in 2004 and 2005. In 2008 the team will excavate late-prehistoric/early historic winter dwellings at Cape Grinnell, a site first identified by Elisha Kent Kane in the1850s as having recently abandoned houses. In 2009 the research team will focus its efforts on Qaqaitsut, a winter village, occupied from ca. AD 1200 to as recently as the 1980s. Houses and adjacent middens will be excavated. They will also map both of these multi-component sites in detail. At Cape Grinnell, a geomorphological study will help the team understand the development of beach ridges, which have been occupied for over 4000 years. The investigators will be addressing questions of basic culture history; culture contact, both between indigenous groups and between Euro-Americans and Inuit; adaptation to the changing polar environment; and mammalian biogeography. This project is part of NSF?s investment in International Polar Year research. The project is an international collaborative one with researchers from the United States, Canada, Denmark and Greenland (including members of the local Inughuit communities).