Interracial Interactions over Time

美国种族多样性的增加为人们在学校、工作和社区环境中与群体外成员进行更多重复、持续的个人互动创造了机会。在某些情况下，这些互动会导致密切的种族间友谊，这已被证明可以减少偏见，但在其他情况下，这些互动对个人来说是有压力的，阻碍了种族间友谊的发展。我们对可能导致或阻碍友谊发展的反复的种族间互动过程所知甚少。这是主要的，因为大多数关于群体间接触的研究都涉及简短的、单一的方法（例如，在实验室中外部群体之间的接触）或使用调查方法。这项研究的第一个目标是发展对个人经历的理解，因为他们从最初的与熟人的跨种族互动到与同一群体外成员的多次个人接触经历，可能导致跨种族友谊。这项拟议研究的第二个目标是解释为什么日常的种族间互动对个人来说是有压力的，尤其是对少数民族来说，这阻碍了种族间友谊的发展。提出了三个纵向设计的研究，包括在研究期间重复抽样。这项研究将提供丰富的数据集，以了解互动随时间的动态性质及其对社会、学术和健康相关结果的潜在影响。

The increase in ethnic diversity in America has created the opportunity for people to have more repeated, sustained personal interactions with out-group members at school, work, and in community settings. In some cases, these interactions lead to close interethnic friendships, which have been shown to reduce prejudice, but in other cases, these interactions are stressful for individuals, deterring interethnic friendships from developing. We continue to know very little about the processes that occur during repeated interracial interactions that may lead to or prevent the development of friendships. This is primary because the majority of research on intergroup contact involves brief, single-shot approaches (e.g., contact between out-groups in the laboratory) or uses survey methodology. The first goal of the proposed research is to develop an understanding of the experiences of individuals as they move from initial interracial interactions with acquaintances to having multiple personal contact experiences with the same out-group member, perhaps resulting in interracial friendships. A second goal of the proposed research is to unpack why daily interracial interactions are stressful for individuals, especially for ethnic minorities, preventing interracial friendships from developing. Three studies are proposed that are longitudinal in design, and include repeated samplings over the period of study. This research will provide a rich data set for understanding the dynamic nature of interactions over time and their potential effects on social, academic and health-related outcomes.