CAREER: Fluid-thermal-structural interactions of compressible turbulent flows over flexible panels

了解飞行器的相互作用（例如，飞机和周围的空气是很重要的。在高速大气飞行和推进过程中会发生复杂的机械和热相互作用。例如，当强压缩改变薄的柔性固体面板上的流动时，所产生的振动、不稳定的流动运动和强烈的加热可导致结构疲劳，降低空气动力学控制和推进性能。提高对这些相互作用的理解对于设计更有效、安全和可靠的航天发射系统、行星探测器、大气层超音速和高超音速航空运输装置、火箭和超音速燃烧发动机是重要的。拟议的工作旨在通过数值模拟和理论研究这些耦合相互作用。该项目还将包括为研究生和本科生提供的教育活动，以学习用于科学发现的计算流可视化技术，以及与当地小学的STEM教育工作者合作的外展计划，它将使用流动可视化来介绍流体运动的基本概念，五年级学生。这个项目的目标是阐明与强压缩波和膨胀波相互作用的分离湍流的流动物理学如何被薄，柔性面板这项研究将描述：1）压缩波对湍流长度和时间尺度的放大; 2）湍流、压缩/膨胀系统和柔性板之间的能量传递机制; 3）壁变形和非定常流动动力学的同步、调制和自维持; 4）壁附近湍流的热去稳定化; 5）交替触发流动不稳定性（如纵向涡和剪切涡脱落），导致时空不均匀性。三个数值研究将解决统计二维配置，其次是三维效果，加热/冷却壁的相互作用下，现实的流动条件和面板材料特性有利于强动态耦合。所提出的高保真数值模拟方法结合了专门的流动，固体和热求解器，并将在复杂的几何形状中实现准确和计算可行的预测。所开发的模拟流体流动和固体结构与热耦合相互作用的方法预计将有利于其他工程学科，并为未来的研究铺平道路，这些研究包括化学反应，辐射，过渡，该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响进行评估，被认为值得支持审查标准。

Understanding the interactions of flying vehicles (e.g., airplanes) and the surrounding air is important. Complex mechanical and thermal interactions occur during atmospheric flight and propulsion at high speeds. For example, when a strong compression changes the flow over a thin flexible solid panel, the resulting vibrations, unsteady flow motions, and intense heating can lead to structural fatigue with reduced aerodynamic control and propulsive performance. Improved understanding of these interactions is important to the design of more efficient, safe, and reliable space launch systems, planetary probes, atmospheric supersonic and hypersonic air transportation devices, rockets, and supersonic combustion engines. The proposed work aims to study these coupled interactions through numerical simulations and theory. The project will also encompass educational activities for graduate and undergraduate students to learn computational flow visualization techniques for scientific discovery, and an outreach program, in partnership with STEM educators at a local elementary school, that will use flow visualizations to introduce basic notions of fluid motion to 3rd-5th grade students.The goal of this project is to elucidate how the flow physics of separated turbulent flows interacting with strong compression and expansion waves are altered by the fluid-thermal-structural coupling with thin, flexible panels. This research will characterize: 1) amplification of turbulence length and time scales by compression waves; 2) energy transfer mechanisms between the turbulent flow, the compression/expansion system, and the flexible panel; 3) synchronization, modulation and self-sustainment of wall deformation and unsteady flow dynamics; 4) thermal de/stabilization of the turbulent flow near the wall; 5) alternate triggering of flow instabilities (such as longitudinal vortices and shear vortex shedding) leading to spatiotemporal inhomogeneities. Three numerical studies will address statistically two-dimensional configurations, followed by three-dimensional effects, and heated/cooled-wall interactions under realistic flow conditions and panel material properties conducive to strong dynamic coupling. The proposed high-fidelity numerical simulation methodology incorporates specialized flow, solid, and thermal solvers, and will enable accurate and computationally feasible predictions in complex geometries. The developed approach to simulate interactions of fluid flows and solid structures with thermal coupling is expected to benefit other engineering disciplines and pave the way for future studies that incorporate additional physics such as chemical reactions, radiation, transition, and surface roughness.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.