VOCALS: Cloud Chemistry Measurements in the Southeast Pacific

将在NSF/NCARC C-130飞机上部署机载云水收集器，以研究2008年VAMOS海洋-云-大气-陆地研究区域实验项目中的海洋云组成和气溶胶-云相互作用。Voice的重点是改进东南太平洋(SEP)气候系统的模式模拟和预测。将在大约10-12次声乐飞行中收集多个云水样本。将对这些样品进行化学分析，以确定各种主要和微量物种，包括氯化物、硫酸盐、硝酸盐、钠、其他离子、总有机碳(TOC)、部分氧化的硫化物、过氧化氢(H2O2)和一系列羧酸。这些测量将提供东南太平洋近岸和更西边的云组成的信息，该地区以前很少观测到海洋云化学。对于理解和模拟该地区二氧化硫(SO2)的寿命，云内硫氧化化学的特征是关键，以提高我们对SO2在气相中氧化为硫酸(H2SO4)，然后在开放细胞(POCs)的口袋中成核新粒子是否可能是本地生物起源或更远的人类起源的理解。广泛的影响包括一名研究生的教育和培训，他将获得一套与云化学相关的独特技能，并从更广泛的国际实验中受益。项目成果将被纳入教育材料，与学生和社区分享，在不同的教育水平。参与者还计划参加更广泛的教育和外联活动，目前正在计划结合人声-霸王龙实地实验进行。

An airborne cloud water collector will be deployed on the NSF/NCAR C-130 aircraft to study marine cloud composition and aerosol-cloud interactions in the 2008 VOCALS-REx (VAMOS Ocean-Cloud-Atmosphere-Land Study Regional Experiment) project. The focus of VOCALS is to improve model simulations and predictions of the climate system in the Southeast Pacific (SEP). Multiple cloud water samples will be collected on approximately 10-12 VOCALS flights. These samples will be chemically analyzed for a wide variety of major and trace species including chloride, sulfate, nitrate, sodium, other ions, total organic carbon (TOC), partially oxidized sulfur compounds, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and a range of carboxylic acids. These measurements will provide information on the composition of clouds both near shore and further west in the SE Pacific, a region with few previous observations of marine cloud chemistry. Characterization of sulfur oxidation chemistry within clouds is key to understanding and modeling the lifetimes of sulfur dioxide (SO2) in this region in order to improve our understanding of whether SO2 oxidized in the gas phase to sulfuric acid (H2SO4) followed by nucleation of new particles in pockets of open cells (POCs) is likely to be of local biogenic or more distant anthropogenic origin.Broader impacts include the education and training of one graduate student, who will gain a unique set of skills related to cloud chemistry and benefit from broader exposure to this large, international experiment. Project results will be incorporated into educational materials to be shared with students and the community at a range of educational levels. The participants also plan to participate in broader educational and outreach activities currently being planned in conjunction with the VOCALS-REx field experiment.