Collaborative Research: Coastal Cloud Chemistry during the Eastern Pacific Cloud Aerosol Precipitation Experiment (EPCAPE-CCC)

合作研究：东太平洋云气溶胶降水实验期间的沿海云化学（EPCAPE-CCC）

• 批准号: 2133441
• 负责人: Lynn Russell
• 金额: $ 52.26万
• 依托单位: University of California-San Diego Scripps Inst of Oceanography
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-09-01 至 2025-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2133441&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Coastal; Cloud; Chemistry

This project is focused on the study of cloud chemistry in support of improvements in how cloud formation is represented in climate models. A suite of advanced chemical measurements will be made at the Scripps Pier and at nearby Mt. Soledad to augment the Department of Energy’s Eastern Pacific Cloud Aerosol Precipitation Experiment (EPCAPE) campaign to be conducted in La Jolla California from February 2023 to January 2024. This effort will provide an unprecedented characterization of cloud chemical processing that is expected to help reduce a major uncertainty in climate model predictions.This project adds advanced chemical characterization of clouds to EPCAPE by leveraging recent instrument developments of single-particle mass spectrometry techniques, miniaturized static thermal gradient cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) instruments, and a custom-designed instrument for measuring aqueous hydroxyl (OH) radicals formed in nascent cloud droplets (the OH "burst"). The sampling strategy enables testing of the following hypotheses: (1) The subset of the aerosol population that is activated to cloud droplets is chemically distinct from the unactivated particles, and its size-resolved chemical composition is further differentiated by adding aqueous-oxidized components that can be identified in single-particle mass fragments. The chemical changes lower the activation supersaturation required for subsequent activation of particles, which in turn may affect cloud structure and drop distributions. (2) Gas-phase compounds that are removed by denuding will lower the supersaturation required for activation of each particle by enhancing water solubility during the uptake process. The effect is expected to depend on the amount of pollution influence, on the composition and concentration of gaseous species, and on particle size. (3) Particles with longer times between cloud cycles will produce a larger OH burst, and as a result, larger changes to particle chemical composition during cloud cycling. The OH burst activity, together with the availability of gas phase species will explain much of the variation in the chemical changes observed between cloud events.This effort includes the training of graduate and undergraduate students in instrument maintenance and measurement analyses to prepare the next generation of scientists for conducting atmospheric research.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该项目的重点是研究云化学的研究，以支持气候模型中云形成的改善。将在Scripps码头和附近的Soledad山附近进行一套先进的化学测量，以增加能源部的东部太平洋云云雾气云降水实验（EPCAPE）运动（EPCAPE）运动（EPCAPE）运动（EPCAPE）运动（2023年2月）从2023年2月到2024年1月至2024年1月。这项努力将提供范围内的范围。通过利用单粒子质谱技术的最新仪器开发，微型静态热梯度云凝结核（CCN）仪器（CCN）仪器以及一种定制设计的仪器，用于测量在新生的云云液滴中形成的自由基（OH）。采样策略能够测试以下假设：（1）被激活到云滴的气溶胶种群的子集在化学上与未激活的颗粒不同，并且通过添加可以在单个零件质量片段中识别的水性氧化成分，可以进一步区分其尺寸分辨化学粒子。化学变化降低了随后序列激活颗粒所需的激活过饱和，这反过来可能影响云结构和下降分布。 （2）通过剥离去除的气相化合物将通过在摄取过程中增强水溶性来降低每个粒子激活所需的过饱和。预计该效果取决于污染的影响，对气态物种的组成和浓度以及粒径的含量。 （3）在云周期之间具有较长时间的颗粒会产生更大的OH爆发，因此，在云循环过程中，粒子化学成分的变化较大。 OH爆发活动以及气相物种的可用性将解释云事件之间观察到的化学变化的许多变化。这项工作包括在仪器维护和测量分析中对研究生和本科生进行培训，以准备下一代科学家进行大气研究。这是NSF的法定任务和诚实的支持者的构成良好的依据，这是通过评估构成的依据，这是通过评估的构成及其构成的。