Genetic, Molecular and Biochemical Basis of Pathogen and Stress Induced Necrosis

坏死性植物病原体是多种细菌和真菌，它们通过从死亡的植物细胞中提取营养物质而存活。由于这种营养模式，它们通过向宿主组织释放毒素导致宿主细胞死亡（坏死）。如果不能限制植物的坏死，就会导致感染加剧，从而导致植物病害，最终导致整个受感染植物或其部分死亡和腐烂，造成作物产量的重大损失。宿主对坏死性感染和相关坏死反应的生物学过程尚不清楚。该项目的总体目标是确定植物对坏死性病原体反应的分子机制。已经确定的限制坏死性感染的植物蛋白将用于确定宿主对病原体和应激诱导的坏死的抗性或易感性的生物学基础。BOS1 （Botrytis sensitive 1）是一种R2R3MYB转录因子，限制病原体和应激诱导的坏死。将研究BOS1介导的耐药新组分的功能，包括BOS1相互作用的E3连接酶的作用，并确定它们在抵抗病原体和病原体衍生毒素引起的坏死和/或细胞死亡中的调节作用。坏死性病原体引起的细胞死亡的性质和植物的反应机制将通过分子，遗传和生化的方法建立。与病原体诱导坏死相关的基因表达的基因组尺度变化和BOS1相互作用蛋白的作用将被破译。本项目将对植物抗病的生化、分子和遗传机制产生新的认识，并阐明宿主对生物营养性和坏死性病原体反应的一些根本差异。此外，该项目将培养来自不同院校的本科生，以促进学生对植物生物学的兴趣。该项目将促进植物生物学各个方面的研究生培训和教育，以及博士后科学家的研究和指导技能。

Necrotrophic plant pathogens are diverse bacterial and fungal species that survive by extracting nutrients from killed plant cells. Due to this mode of nutrition they cause host cell death (necrosis) by releasing toxins into host tissues. Failure to limit necrosis by the plant leads to enhanced infections resulting in plant diseases that culminate in death and decay of the entire infected plant or its parts causing significant losses in crop yield. The biological processes underlying host responses to necrotrophic infections and the associated necrosis are not understood. The overall goal of this project is to determine the molecular mechanisms of plant responses to necrotrophic pathogens. Plant proteins that limit necrotrophic infections that have been identified will be used to determine the biological basis of host resistance or susceptibility to pathogen and stress induced necrosis. BOS1 (Botrytis Susceptible 1) is an R2R3MYB transcription factor that limits pathogen and stress induced necrosis. The functions of novel components of BOS1 mediated resistance including the role of BOS1 interacting E3 ligases will be studied and their regulatory role in resistance to necrosis and/or cell death caused by pathogens and pathogen derived toxins determined. The nature of cell death caused by necrotrophic pathogens and mechanisms of plant responses will be established using molecular, genetic and biochemical approaches. Genome scale changes in gene expression associated with pathogen induced necrosis and the role of BOS1 interacting proteins will be deciphered. This project will generate new knowledge on biochemical, molecular and genetic mechanisms of plant disease resistance and elucidate some of the fundamental differences in host responses to biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens. In addition, the project will train undergraduate students from diverse institutions to promote student interest in plant biology. The project will promote graduate student training and education and research and mentoring skills for postdoctoral scientists in various aspects of plant biology.