Black Holes, Gravitational Waves and the Early Universe: Quantum Fluctuations, Backreaction, Information and Structures

该奖项支持一项关于黑洞演化后期和早期宇宙初始阶段量子场过程后果的理论研究计划。一个称为随机重力的框架被用来研究这些问题，因为它特别适合于处理以前关于这些主题的工作中没有包括的量子场波动。定量的结果可以从定义这个框架的爱因斯坦-朗之万方程中得到。量子信息论中的技术和概念也被用来解决黑洞信息问题。这些方法还可以用来计算LIGO和LISA可能探测到的双星系统的引力波形式和发射能量。确定由量子场引起的黑洞视界附近的度规波动的大小对于找到解决后反应问题的方法至关重要：在准平衡(在盒子中)和非平衡(蒸发)条件下，霍金辐射如何影响黑洞的状态和动力学。根据高阶曲率理论，随机引力提供了一条更容易实现从膨胀宇宙学中所需的二阶度规微扰到结构形成的途径。具有辐射反应的二元体引力波动力学的新公式有助于自洽地处理对小质量的自力和对大质量运动的反向反应，而不需要作慢运动或弱场假设。

This award supports a program of theoretical research on consequences of quantum field processes both at the late stage of the evolution of black holes and at the initial stage of the early universe. A framework called stochastic gravity is used to study these issues because it is especially well suited for treating quantum field fluctuations that have not been included in previous work on these topics. Quantitative results may be obtained from the Einstein-Langevin equation defining this framework. Techniques and concepts from quantuminformation theory are also used to address the black hole information issue. These methods may also be used to calculate the gravitational wave form and emitted energy from binary systems potentially detectable by LIGO and LISA. Determination of the magnitude of metric fluctuations near the black hole horizon due to quantum fields is essential to finding a solution to the backreaction problem: how Hawking radiation affects the state and dynamics of a black hole, both under quasi-equilibrium (in a box) and non-equilibrium (evaporating) conditions. Stochastic gravity provides an easier to implement route towards structure formation from second order metric perturbations needed in inflationary cosmologies based on higher order curvature theories. A new formulation of gravitational wave dynamics for binary masses with radiation reaction is useful for treating the self force on the small mass and backreaction of it on the motion of the large mass self-consistently without making the slow motion or the weak field assumptions.