Doctoral Dissertation Research: The Effects of Task Dimensions of the Division of Labor on Person-to-Group Bonding

塞西莉亚·里奇韦·林恩·中国斯坦福大学这篇论文的研究问题是，一个群体内部的集体责任分工如何影响个人与该群体的联系程度？每天，人们划分和分担用于实现集体目标的任务。然而，目标导向型任务的组织方式有很多种。人们是分开工作还是一起工作？他们是执行相同的工作任务，还是负责不同的任务？是否所有的小组成员都有通用技能，使他们能够相互接管？S任务，还是只有几个人知道这些技能是专门的？本文研究了任务结构中的分工产生相互依赖、相似和共同责任感，以及小组成员之间的分离感、差异感和低效能的条件。本研究超越了任务差异是抑制还是增强群体团结这一过于简单化的问题，为了研究实际任务在群体成员之间的分配方式如何影响群体依恋，本文超越了这一范围。该研究采用微秩序的方法，通过分析1)任务结构如何影响群体内的互动模式，以及2)这些互动模式如何影响个人对群体的依恋，来研究导致人们与直接社会群体建立联系的机制。该合作项目将对大学生进行一系列实验，以测试不同类型的目标导向任务结构如何影响人与组之间的联系。更广泛的影响这项研究对组织任务结构如何影响成员流失率有一定的影响。它将提供深刻的见解，帮助我们理解激励人们感到个人负责并对他们的团队进行投资与认识到人们需要尊重他人和理解他们无法单独完成团队工作之间的微妙界限。通过考察任务结构如何影响个人与团队的联系，本文可以帮助组织规划者更好地理解他们如何构建团队内互动。组织可以使用有关任务结构影响的信息来组织他们的日常工作，以在员工之间的合作协调和个人在工作中负责任和自主的愿望之间创造平衡。有了这类信息，各组织或许能够通过创建最适合其小组集体需求的小组任务结构，帮助其工作小组建立更强的小组团结和凝聚力。因此，重要的是要研究技能专业化和任务差异化何时加强群体团结，以及何时它们削弱群体团结之间的微妙界限。

SES-0802643Cecilia RidgwayLynn ChinStanford UniversityThis dissertation research asks how the division of collective responsibilities within a group affects the extent to which individuals bond to the group? Every day people divide and share tasks used to achieve group goals. However, there are numerous ways goal-oriented tasks may be structured. Do people work separately or together? Do they perform the same work tasks or are they responsible for different tasks? Do all group members have general skills that enable them to take over each other?s tasks or are the skills specialized and known to only a few? This dissertation studies the conditions under which the division of labor in task structure creates a sense of mutual interdependence, similarity, and joint responsibility versus a sense of separation, difference, and low efficacy between group members. The research goes beyond the overly-simplified question of whether task differences inhibit or enhance group solidarity to study how group attachment is affected by the way actual tasks are divided amongst group members, this dissertation goes beyond. The co-PI uses a micro-order approach to study the mechanisms which cause people to bond to immediate social groups by analyzing 1) how task structure affects patterns of interaction within a group and 2) how those patterns of interaction affect person-to-group attachment. The co-PI will conduct a series of experiments using university students to test of how different types of goal-oriented task structures affect person-to-group bonding. Broader ImpactsThis study has implications for how organizational task structure can affect member attrition rate. It will provide insights that will help us understand the fine line between motivating people to feel personally responsible and invested in their group and recognizing that people need to value others and understand that they cannot accomplish group work alone. By examining how task structure influences personal bonding to a group, this dissertation can help organizational planners better understand how they can structure in-group interaction. Organizations can use information about the effects of task structure to organize their daily work routines in ways that create a balance between cooperative coordination between employees and the desire for individuals to be responsible and self-autonomous at work. With this type of information, organizations may be able to help their work groups create a stronger sense of group solidarity and cohesion by creating group task structures that best fit the collective needs of their group. Thus, it is important to study the fine line between when skill specialization and task differentiation solidifies group solidarity and when they erode it.