SHARP: Saronic Harbors Archaeological Research Project

在美国国家科学基金会的支持下，Daniel J. Pullen博士设计了萨罗尼克港口考古研究项目（SHARP），在希腊南部的萨罗尼克海湾沿岸进行了两个季节的考古和地质考古研究。来自美国、加拿大、英国、澳大利亚和希腊的国际团队由普伦博士和联合主任托马斯·塔塔伦博士领导，他们试图研究古代国家在争夺外围地区控制权时的相互关系，这一过程被称为同伴政治竞争。该项目包括一个密集的地面调查、挖掘、人工制品分析和古环境重建项目，重点关注最近在希腊南部发现的迈锡尼港口/港口城镇科尔福斯-卡拉米亚诺斯(约1700？公元前1200年)。这个遗址及其背景的特别之处在于，它似乎在迈锡尼的新兴宫殿国家扩展到以爱吉纳岛Kolonna为中心的旧国家的影响范围的过程中扮演了一个有争议的边缘角色，并最终在经济上和政治上合并了卡拉米亚诺斯地区。卡拉米亚诺斯在爱琴海史前史上是独一无二的，因为这个时期的城市港口实际上是未知的，因为现代石制建筑基础和下层墙壁的暴露表面使得在任何挖掘之前就已经有了一个几乎完整的定居点平面图。实地调查方法已于2007年投入实践并进行了改进，将通过获取建筑和城镇规划、人工制品、定居模式和古环境等数据来记录城市港口及其腹地。对建筑遗迹的仔细记录表明，公元前13世纪出现的规范迈锡尼建筑是迈锡尼宫殿社会的顶峰，但不确定这是否反映了迈锡尼的存在或当地精英模仿帝国建筑。地面调查的初步结果表明，定居和生存模式同时发生了惊人的变化。表面陶器包括艾吉尼和迈锡尼两种类型，对陶瓷的岩石学分析将阐明这些复杂的相互作用。SHARP的知识价值在于研究迈锡尼中心地带的周边地区，而不是典型的关注遥远地区、原材料获取和区域间贸易问题。SHARP试图描述外围在对等政策竞争过程中古代国家的扩张和巩固中所扮演的角色。对爱琴海史前史的影响将是立竿见影的，其结果将为世界其他地区类似过程的研究提供比较数据，例如玛雅和瓦里州。SHARP的广泛影响包括发展国际合作和为女性工作人员提供有针对性的专业发展。研究生提供强化培训和论文的机会。对希腊当地社区和游客的公众宣传将产生持久和积极的结果，在大众媒体、教学和向美国学校和其他团体的演讲中传播结果也将产生积极的结果。

With support from the National Science Foundation, Dr. Daniel J. Pullen has designed the Saronic Harbors Archaeological Research Project (SHARP) to conduct two seasons of archaeological and geoarchaeological research on the Saronic Gulf coast of southern Greece. The international team from the US, Canada, UK, Australia, and Greece, led by Dr. Pullen and co-director Dr. Thomas Tartaron, seeks to examine the interrelationships among archaic states when they compete for control of peripheral regions, in a process called peer-polity competition. The project involves an intensive program of surface survey, excavation, artifact analysis, and paleoenvironmental reconstruction, focused on the recently discovered Mycenaean port/harbor town of Korphos-Kalamianos in southern Greece (ca. 1700?1200 B.C.). The particular interest of the site and its setting is that it appears to have played the role of contested periphery in a process by which the emerging palace state at Mycenae expanded into the sphere of influence of an older state centered at Kolonna on the island of Aigina, and eventually incorporated the Kalamianos region economically and perhaps politically as well. Kalamianos is unique in Aegean prehistory because urban ports of the period are virtually unknown, and because the exposure on the modern surface of stone architectural foundations and lower walls is such that a nearly complete plan of the settlement has been made before any excavation. The field methods, put into practice and refined already in 2007, will document the urban port and its hinterland by obtaining data on architecture and town planning, artifacts, settlement patterns, and paleoenvironment. Careful documentation of architectural remains indicates the appearance of canonical Mycenaean architecture of the 13th century B.C. is the peak of palace society at Mycenae, but it is not certain whether this reflects Mycenaes' presence or local elites emulating imperial architecture. Initial results from surface survey suggest that settlement and subsistence patterns underwent striking changes at the same time. The surface pottery comprises both Aiginetan and Mycenaean types and petrographic analyses of the ceramics will clarify these complex interactions. The intellectual merit of SHARP lies in examining peripheries within the Mycenaean heartland, instead of the typical focus on distant regions and issues of raw material acquisition and interregional trade. SHARP seeks to describe the roles peripheries play in the expansion and consolidation of archaic states in the context of a competitive process among peer polities. The impact on Aegean prehistory will be immediate, and the results will provide comparative data for the study of analogous processes in other world areas, for example among Maya and Wari states.Among the broader impacts of SHARP are the development of international collaboration and targeted professional development for female staff members. Graduate students are provided intensive training and dissertation opportunities. Public outreach to the local community and tourists in Greece will have long-lasting and positive outcomes, as will the dissemination of results in popular media, teaching, and presentations to schools and other groups in the USA.