Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: An Analysis of Prehistoric Greek Interaction

在丹尼尔·普伦博士的指导和监督下，黛布拉·特鲁斯特将研究希腊五个重要遗址中史前陶瓷烹饪器皿的变化：迈锡尼的佩察斯之家、齐古里斯的陶器店、科拉库的东巷以及新发现的斯蒂里和卡拉米亚诺斯遗址。迈锡尼，位于希腊伯罗奔尼撒半岛东北部，是一个如此有影响力的城堡，并发展了如此显着的创新，它给它的名字史前希腊大陆的文化在青铜时代后期，被称为迈锡尼时期（公元前1600 - 1200年）。其他四个被纳入本研究的地点与迈锡尼有不同的联系，这些联系随着时间的推移而改变，这取决于他们获得原材料和贸易路线的方式。这项研究的重点是确定迈锡尼如何获得伯罗奔尼撒半岛东北部的政治控制，特别是在以前被认为是迈锡尼的影响之外的地区。Trusty女士将进行具体的考古技术，包括岩相显微镜和中子活化分析，在陶瓷烹饪器皿，以确定是否以及如何迈锡尼能够制造和贸易这些项目的周边网站迈锡尼的经济和社会收益.这项研究是重要的，因为它提供了洞察动力，使传统社会的功能和扩大随着时间的推移.由于考古学可以记录通常发生在千年时间尺度上的“缓慢”变化，因此它为导致社会转型的过程提供了一个独特的窗口。这项研究提供了一个很好的例子。在所有文化中，烹饪锅都是日常生活的重要元素，因为它们通过共同的营养需求来弥合精英和下层阶级之间的差距，并且经常在考古发掘中大量发现。这些器皿可以使用不同的陶瓷分析进行测试，这些分析可以识别原材料的来源，器皿的用途以及个体陶工或作坊的独特生产方法。然而，烹饪锅是迈锡尼文化中一个未被充分研究和误解的元素。Trusty女士试图通过分析炊具容器风格特征的变化，检查生产技术，通过使用岩相显微镜确定粘土中矿物质的来源，并通过对粘土类型进行中子活化分析研究分布模式来纠正这种不平衡。通过完成这四个步骤的方法，可以认为在外围站点可以识别“卫兵的变化”，该地区最初与希腊的各个城市有着强大的贸易联系，直到迈锡尼时期开始时迈锡尼在长途贸易中取得了统治地位。这些结果将有助于确定迈锡尼精英采取的具体措施，以获得和保持对领土和贸易路线的控制。该项目旨在产生更广泛的影响，因为它强烈依赖于国际合作，并有助于美国学者指导的项目。研究将在希腊进行，使用雅典美国古典研究学院、雅典英国学院和雅典国家科学研究中心的实验室和设备。该项目得出的结论将导致发表论文和较小的文章和演讲，这些文章和演讲将提交给国际和国家期刊和会议。这些努力旨在促进对科学，考古学，古代经济和陶瓷研究的普遍理解。

Under the instruction and supervision of Dr. Daniel Pullen, Debra Trusty will study changes in prehistoric ceramic cooking vessels from five important sites in Greece: the Petsas House at Mycenae, the Potter's Shop at Zygouries, the East Alley at Korakou, and the newly-discovered sites of Stiri and Kalamianos. Mycenae, located in the northeast Peloponnese of Greece, was such an influential citadel and developed such remarkable innovations that it gave its name to the culture of the prehistoric Greek mainland during the Late Bronze Age, known as the Mycenaean period (1,600-1,200 BC). The other four sites incorporated into this study have varying connections to Mycenae which changed over time depending upon their access to raw materials and trade routes. This study focuses on identifying how Mycenae gained political control in the northeast Peloponnese, especially in areas previously thought to be outside of Mycenae's influence. Ms. Trusty will conduct specific archaeological techniques, including petrographic microscopy and Neutron Activation analysis, on ceramic cooking vessels to determine if and how Mycenae was able to manufacture and trade such items to peripheral sites by Mycenae for economic and social gain.This research is significant because it provides insight into the dynamics which allow traditional societies to function and to expand over time. Because archaeology can document "slow" changes which often take place on a millennial time scale it provides a unique window into the processes which lead to societal transformation. This research provides a case in point.Cooking pots are important elements of daily life in all cultures as they bridge the gap between elite and lower classes through the common need for nourishment and are frequently found in large numbers in archaeological excavations. Such vessels can be tested using different ceramic analyses that can identify the sources of raw materials, uses of vessels, and production methods distinctive of individual potters or workshops. Nevertheless, cooking pots are an understudied and misunderstood element of Mycenaean culture. Ms. Trusty seeks to correct this imbalance by analyzing changes in stylistic features of cookware vessels, examining production techniques, determining the origin of minerals within clays through use of a petrographic microscope, and studying distribution patterns through Neutron Activation Analysis conducted on clay types. By accomplishing this four-step methodology it is argued that a "changing of the guard" can be identified at peripheral sites, where the area initially had strong trading contact with various cities in Greece until Mycenae achieved dominance over long-distance trade by the beginning of the Mycenaean period. These results will aid in identifying specific measures taken by the elite in Mycenae in order to gain and maintain control over territories and trade routes.This project seeks to have a broader impact as it is strongly dependent upon international collaboration and contributes to projects directed by scholars in the United States. Research will be conducted in Greece using laboratories and equipment from the American School of Classical Studies in Athens, the British School in Athens, and the National Center for Scientific Research in Athens. The conclusions reached for this project will result in a published dissertation and smaller articles and presentations, which will be submitted to international and national journals and conferences. Such endeavors aim to contribute to the general understanding of science, archaeology, ancient economies, and ceramic studies.