Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: An Analysis of Prehistoric Greek Interaction

博士论文改进补助金：史前希腊互动分析

• 批准号: 1142196
• 负责人: Daniel Pullen
• 金额: $ 2万
• 依托单位: Florida State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-09-01 至 2013-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1142196&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Improvement; Grant; Analysis

Under the instruction and supervision of Dr. Daniel Pullen, Debra Trusty will study changes in prehistoric ceramic cooking vessels from five important sites in Greece: the Petsas House at Mycenae, the Potter's Shop at Zygouries, the East Alley at Korakou, and the newly-discovered sites of Stiri and Kalamianos. Mycenae, located in the northeast Peloponnese of Greece, was such an influential citadel and developed such remarkable innovations that it gave its name to the culture of the prehistoric Greek mainland during the Late Bronze Age, known as the Mycenaean period (1,600-1,200 BC). The other four sites incorporated into this study have varying connections to Mycenae which changed over time depending upon their access to raw materials and trade routes. This study focuses on identifying how Mycenae gained political control in the northeast Peloponnese, especially in areas previously thought to be outside of Mycenae's influence. Ms. Trusty will conduct specific archaeological techniques, including petrographic microscopy and Neutron Activation analysis, on ceramic cooking vessels to determine if and how Mycenae was able to manufacture and trade such items to peripheral sites by Mycenae for economic and social gain.This research is significant because it provides insight into the dynamics which allow traditional societies to function and to expand over time. Because archaeology can document "slow" changes which often take place on a millennial time scale it provides a unique window into the processes which lead to societal transformation. This research provides a case in point.Cooking pots are important elements of daily life in all cultures as they bridge the gap between elite and lower classes through the common need for nourishment and are frequently found in large numbers in archaeological excavations. Such vessels can be tested using different ceramic analyses that can identify the sources of raw materials, uses of vessels, and production methods distinctive of individual potters or workshops. Nevertheless, cooking pots are an understudied and misunderstood element of Mycenaean culture. Ms. Trusty seeks to correct this imbalance by analyzing changes in stylistic features of cookware vessels, examining production techniques, determining the origin of minerals within clays through use of a petrographic microscope, and studying distribution patterns through Neutron Activation Analysis conducted on clay types. By accomplishing this four-step methodology it is argued that a "changing of the guard" can be identified at peripheral sites, where the area initially had strong trading contact with various cities in Greece until Mycenae achieved dominance over long-distance trade by the beginning of the Mycenaean period. These results will aid in identifying specific measures taken by the elite in Mycenae in order to gain and maintain control over territories and trade routes.This project seeks to have a broader impact as it is strongly dependent upon international collaboration and contributes to projects directed by scholars in the United States. Research will be conducted in Greece using laboratories and equipment from the American School of Classical Studies in Athens, the British School in Athens, and the National Center for Scientific Research in Athens. The conclusions reached for this project will result in a published dissertation and smaller articles and presentations, which will be submitted to international and national journals and conferences. Such endeavors aim to contribute to the general understanding of science, archaeology, ancient economies, and ceramic studies.

在Daniel Pullen博士的指导和监督下，Debra Trust将研究希腊五个重要遗址史前陶瓷烹饪器皿的变化：迈锡尼的Petsas House，Zygouries的Potter‘s Shop，Korakou的East Alley，以及新发现的Stiri和Kalamianos遗址。迈锡尼位于希腊伯罗奔尼撒东北部，是一个如此有影响力的堡垒，并发展了如此非凡的创新，以至于它在青铜时代晚期(公元前1,600-1,200)为史前希腊大陆的文化命名。纳入本研究的其他四个地点与迈锡尼有不同的联系，这种联系随着时间的推移而变化，这取决于它们获得原材料和贸易路线的途径。这项研究的重点是确定迈锡尼如何在伯罗奔尼撒东北部获得政治控制权，特别是在以前被认为不受迈锡尼影响的地区。特鲁斯蒂女士将在陶瓷烹饪器皿上进行特殊的考古技术，包括岩相显微镜和中子活化分析，以确定迈锡尼人是否以及如何能够通过迈锡尼人制造和交易这些物品，以获得经济和社会利益。这项研究具有重要意义，因为它提供了洞察允许传统社会随着时间的推移而运作和扩张的动态。由于考古学可以记录经常发生在千年时间尺度上的“缓慢”变化，它为了解导致社会转型的过程提供了一个独特的窗口。这项研究提供了一个很好的例子。烹饪锅是所有文化中日常生活的重要元素，因为它们通过共同的营养需求弥合了精英和下层阶级之间的差距，并经常在考古发掘中大量发现。这类器皿可以使用不同的陶瓷分析进行测试，这些分析可以确定原材料的来源、器皿的用途以及个别陶工或作坊独特的生产方法。然而，烹饪锅是迈锡尼文化中一个未被充分研究和误解的元素。特鲁斯蒂试图通过分析厨具器皿风格特征的变化，检查生产技术，使用岩相显微镜确定粘土中矿物的来源，以及通过对粘土类型进行中子活化分析来研究分布模式，来纠正这种不平衡。通过完成这四个步骤的方法，有人认为，可以在外围地点确定“守卫的更迭”，该地区最初与希腊的各个城市有很强的贸易联系，直到迈锡尼在迈锡尼时期开始时在长途贸易中占据主导地位。这些结果将有助于确定迈锡尼精英为获得和保持对领土和贸易路线的控制而采取的具体措施。该项目寻求产生更广泛的影响，因为它强烈依赖国际合作，并为美国学者指导的项目作出贡献。研究将在希腊使用雅典美国古典研究学院、雅典英国学校和雅典国家科学研究中心的实验室和设备进行。为该项目达成的结论将导致发表一篇论文和较小的文章和演示文稿，并将提交给国际和国家的期刊和会议。这些努力旨在促进对科学、考古学、古代经济和陶瓷学的总体理解。