Doctoral Dissertation Research: Refugees and Citizens: Political Conflict and Social Organization

Pi和co-Pi：Loic Wacquant和Silvia PasquettiInstitution：加州大学伯克利分校题目：博士论文研究：难民和公民：约旦河西岸难民营和以色列城市中的次要政治和社会组织本文调查了空间限制和法律地位如何结合在一起塑造次无产阶级人口中的社会组织和集体自我认同。本论文是对两种不同空间法律背景下的从属政治的人种学比较研究：约旦河西岸的巴勒斯坦难民营(Jalazon难民营)和以色列的阿拉伯少数民族社区(在以色列的罗德市)。一个主要的研究问题激发了这项研究：约旦河西岸难民营中盛行的政治形式是什么？它与以色列境内阿拉伯少数民族社区的地方政治有什么不同？为什么会有所不同呢？这项研究的一个主要假设是：尽管在阶级、宗教和文化方面有许多相似之处，但营地居民和城市少数群体在集体组织和集体自我认同方面存在根本差异。这一最重要的假设可以分为几个假设：h1)约旦河西岸营地比以色列阿拉伯城市社区有更多的现场协会和中心；h2)营地协会和中心提供高水平的内部组织，但由于他们往往被政治派别或大家庭俘虏而重新产生内部分歧；h3)营地居民认为自己是参与集体承认斗争的国家参与者；h4)巴勒斯坦城市少数群体仍然处于以色列境内阿拉伯民族主义精英组织所围绕的协会建设进程的边缘；阿拉伯城市少数民族并不说民族自决的语言，相反，他们抗议将他们的社区定为犯罪的国家政策。本文采用三种主要的方法：a)参与观察当地行政人员与当地居民在机构内和街道上的日常互动；b)与当地居民的口述历史；以及c)对现场内和场外行政人员的正式访谈。这个项目提出了一种关系的方法来研究国家空间和法律限制的影响：这些政策的起源和理由，它们在当地的实施，以及受试者群体在其日常环境中的做法。它还努力澄清贫穷社区内高度的内部组织在什么情况下才能转化为实际的集体效力。这项研究的更广泛的影响包括：分解下级的类别？并展示他们对政治的参与如何不仅限于个人退出或暴徒般的反应；有助于在社会学、地理学、法学和后殖民研究学者之间建立桥梁；并加强公众对阿拉伯边缘化社区的了解，这些社区往往被描绘为暴力群众。

PI and co-PI: Loic Wacquant and Silvia PasquettiInstitution: University of California, BerkeleyTitle: Doctoral Dissertation Research: Refugees and Citizens: Subaltern Politics and Social Organization in West Bank Camps and Israeli Cities0826614AbstractThis dissertation investigates how spatial constraints and legal statuses combine to shape social organization and collective self-identification within subproletarian populations. This dissertation is a comparative ethnographic study of subaltern politics under two different spatial-legal contexts: a Palestinian refugee camp in the West Bank (Jalazon camp) and an Israeli Arab minority neighborhood (in the Israeli city of Lod). A main research question animates this research: What form of politics prevails in West Bank refugee camps? How does it differ from local politics in Arab minority neighborhoods inside Israel? Why does it differ? A main hypothesis guides this research: despite many similarities in class, religious and cultural terms, camp dwellers and urban minorities radically differ in their collective organizing and their collective self-identification. This overarching hypothesis can be divided into several hypotheses: H1) West Bank camps have more in-site associations and centers than Israeli Arab urban neighborhoods; H2) camp associations and centers provide a high level of internal organization but re-produce internal divisions as they tend to be captured by political factions or extended families; H3) camp dwellers perceive themselves as national actors engaged into a collective struggle for recognition; H4) Palestinian urban minorities remain at the margins of the association-building process around which Arab nationalist elites inside Israel organize; and H5) Arab urban minorities do not speak the language of national self-determination, but, rather, they protest the state policies that criminalize their neighborhoods. This dissertation utilizes three main methodological components: a) participant observation of the daily interactions between local administrators and local populations both within institutional sites and in the streets; b) oral histories with the local populations; and c) formal interviews with the in-site and out-of-site administrators. This project advances a relational approach to the effects of state spatial and legal constraints: the genesis and rationale of these policies, their local implementation, and the practices of the subject populations within their daily surroundings. It also strives to clarify the conditions under which a high level of internal organization within a poor community translates into actual collective efficacy. Broader impacts of this research include: disaggregating the category of ?the subalterns? and showing how their engagement into politics is not limited to individual exit or mob-like reactions; contributing to building bridges among scholars of sociology, geography, law and post-colonial studies; and enhancing public understanding of Arab marginalized communities, which are often portrayed as violent masses.