Universities, Innovation and Economic Growth (MOD)

摘要：研究美国大学对创新过程和国民收入的贡献，对于了解我们目前的经济地位是如何实现的，以及如何保持或提高我们的国际竞争力非常重要。该项目模拟了创新系统的一个关键组成部分，特别是知识的创造和部署以及资金的流动。这项工作的目标是对大学资源的各种组合，特别是STEM单位的资源，对创新过程中代表中间步骤的成果的贡献进行估计，这些成果有助于国家创新，从而有助于美国的竞争力。该项目的关键见解是，大学产生多种产出，例如高技能劳动力和新知识的供应。这种劳动力和技术发展对国民经济的重要性在古典经济理论和进化经济理论中都得到了很好的证明。 此外，大学也是企业和产业的支持机构。大学为刺激创新进程和推动国民经济的中间成果做出贡献。主要重点是使用数据开发新模型来解释美国资源部署之间的关系。S.大学和中等（国民收入增长）大学成果，特别是在科学，技术，工程和数学（STEM）。 这些成果对美国的经济增长乃至国际竞争力都具有重要意义，因此，模型可以用于科学技术投资决策。本项目构建了一个关系Meta数据库，考察美国大学的资源配置与中级大学成果之间的关系，这些成果与创新和经济增长相关。该项目的数据来自机构、部门和个人层面的各种来源。中间和最终成果包括支付工资，毕业生的生产，专利，许可证，启动和分拆公司，咨询，联合产业大学赠款和合同，为公司的就业培训计划？员工，更重要的是，研究论文。?投入？与这些成果有关的包括各种大学资源：例如，大学教职员工和学生工作者的人力资源;这些人在教学、研究和服务方面的时间分配;以及大学的分配？自己的财政资源。更广泛的影响：好处包括提高对美国资源配置之间关系的理解。S.在STEM领域，大学和中级大学的成果。这些结果对美国经济增长乃至最终对国际竞争力都很重要。因此，这些模型可用于为科学和技术投资决策提供信息。

ABSTRACT: Studying the contributions of U.S. universities to the innovation process and National Income is important to understanding how our current economic status has been achieved and to how our international competitiveness may be maintained or increased. This project models a key component of the innovation system, particularly creation and deployment of knowledge and the flows of financial resources. The objectives of this work are to produce estimates of the contributions of various combinations of university resources, especially those of STEM units, to outcomes that represent intermediate steps in the innovation process and that contribute to NI and thus to U.S. competitiveness.The key insight of the project is that universities produce multiple outputs--for example supplies of highly skilled labor and new knowledge. The importance of this labor and technological development to the national economy has been well established in both classical and evolutionary economic theory. In addition, universities serve as support institutions for firms and industries. Universities contribute to intermediate outcomes that stimulate innovation processes and fuel the national economy. The primary emphasis is to use data to develop new models explaining the relationships among resource deployment in U. S. universities and intermediate (to National Income growth) university outcomes, particularly in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM). These are outcomes that are important to U.S. economic growth and ultimately to international competitiveness and hence the models can be used to inform science and technology investment decisions.The project builds a relational meta data base that examines the relationships among resource deployment in U.S. universities and intermediate university outcomes related to innovation and economic growth. The data for the project are derived from a variety of sources at the institutional, departmental, and individual levels. Intermediate and final outcomes include wages paid, the production of graduates, patents, licenses, start-up and spin-off companies, consultancies, joint industry-university grants and contracts, job-training programs for firms? employees, and importantly, research papers. ?Inputs? related to these outcomes include various university resources: e.g., the human resources of university faculty, staff, and student workers; the time allocations of these individuals across teaching, research and service; and the allocation of the university?s own financial resources. BROADER IMPACTS: The benefits include advancing understanding of the relationships among resource deployment in U. S. universities and intermediate university outcomes in STEM fields. These are outcomes that are important to U.S. economic growth and ultimately to international competitiveness. Thus, the models can be used to inform science and technology investment decisions.