SGER-Exploratory Research with Constructal Theory: Vascular Designs

项目名称：sger -探索性研究与结构理论：血管设计项目负责人：Bejan， AdrianInstitution: Duke university摘要大自然告诉我们，在动物设计中，动脉血流侵入并浸润整个体积（器官、肌肉、组织），形成一个三维的树形流结构。动脉血和静脉血由相同体积的树状流动建筑重建。动脉血树和静脉血树在树冠之间匹配（树冠）。血管化体积)。这个项目展示了为什么树冠与树冠之间的匹配是最有效的沐浴（服务、保持活力）三维空间的方式。重点是基本的设计原则，或作为科学的设计。本项目旨在探索复杂流结构的组装、优化和构建策略，其时间方向是细化和复杂化。这形成了具有叶状结构和体积功能的血管化材料设计的基础。新方法的应用是三维物体的体积冷却或加热，应用于电子设备的冷却和燃料电池的包装。获胜的建筑将是这样的，他们创造了最好的温度高峰和低谷的挂毯，最高的山峰（热点被削去到尽可能低的水平）。这种确定容积流系统最佳配置的综合方法有望解决放大的设计问题（使用小模型来预测大尺度的行为），并揭示自组织和动物器官设计的自然现象。这个项目的智力价值在于，血管化设计的整个整体是基于在所有尺度上都具有普遍适用性的物理原理。理论观点认为，所有这些设计现象都涉及全球流动。活的架构？与流动。可持续设计是指那些不完美（流动阻力、成本、危险、阻塞点）在整个流动区域得到平衡和最佳分布的设计。这种集成的方法在战略上导致了最大的全局性能，并发现了流架构。关于更广泛的影响，血管化流动系统的概念和基于原理的方法发现全局设计适用于所有尺度，从纳米和微观尺度（电子，燃料电池）到人体尺寸（人体服装，车辆车身）。这种基本方法适用于所有领域，从工程学到生物学和地球物理学。虽然即使没有这样的理论范式，人类也会对现场的流动缺陷做出正确的反应，但通常情况下，他们的反应是在零碎的基础上进行试错。他们的反应不了解更大的系统，也不了解它与当地问题的关系。这个项目教我们如何积极主动，设计（心理视图）来自原则，并受益于所有自然流动设计提供的强大支持，有生命的和无生命的。

Proposal Title: SGER-Exploratory Research with Constructal Theory: Vascular DesignsPrincipal Investigator: Bejan, AdrianInstitution: Duke UniversityProposal No: CBET-0831229AbstractNature teaches us that in animal design the arterial blood stream invades and bathes an entire volume (organ, muscle, tissue) as a three-dimensional tree-shaped flow architecture. The arterial and venous blood stream is reconstituted from the same volume as a tree-shaped flow architecture. The arterial and venous blood trees are matched canopy to canopy (the ?canopy? vascularizes the volume). This project shows why and when trees matched canopy to canopy are the most efficient way of bathing (servicing, keeping alive) a three-dimensional volume. The focus is on fundamental design principles, or design as science. This project aims to discover the strategy for assembling, optimizing and constructing complex flow structures, in the time direction of increasing fineness and complexity. This forms the basis for the design of vascularized materials with leaf-like structure and volumetric functionality. The application on which the new method is tried is the volumetric cooling or heating of a three-dimensional body, with applications to the cooling of electronics and the packaging of fuel cells. The winning architectures will be such that they create the best tapestry of peaks and valleys of temperature, with the highest peaks (the hot spots shaved to the lowest possible level). This integrative approach to determining the best configurations for volumetric flow systems promises to unlock the design problem of scaling up (using a small model to predict behavior at large scales), and to shed light on natural phenomena of self-organization and animal organ design. The intellectual merit of this project is that the entire panoply of vascularized designs is based on physics principles that have universal applicability, at all scales. The theoretical view is that all these design phenomena involve global ?flow? architectures that are ?alive? with flows. Sustainable designs are those in which imperfections (flow resistances, costs, danger, choke points) are balanced and distributed optimally throughout the flow territory. This integrative approach leads strategically to maximum global performance, and to the discovery of the flow architecture. With regard to broader impacts, the concept of vascularized flow systems and the principle-based approach to the discovery of global design is applicable at all scales, from nano and microscales (electronics, fuel cells), to human size (body suits, bodies of vehicles). This fundamental approach is applicable across the board, from engineering to biology and geophysics. While it is true that even without such a theoretical paradigm humans react correctly to flow imperfections in the field, typically they react by trial and error, on a piece-meal basis. They react without understanding the larger system and how it is connected to the local issue. This project teaches how to be proactive, with designs (mental viewings) that come from principle, and which benefit from the strong backing provided by all the flow designs of nature, animate and inanimate.