CAREER: Stable Isotope Insights into Large-Volume Volcanic Eruptions

大规模的火山活动对人类构成了跨越政治和国家边界的重大威胁。同位素研究为火山活动的成因及其后果提供了重要的见解。需要与来自不同学科和不同国家的科学家和学生合作。火山学在地球科学教育和推广活动中确实是一个鼓舞人心的话题。本方案采用微量分析稳定同位素技术研究火山过程。前两项计划的研究活动解决了硅质和玄武岩岩浆大规模喷发的起源，重点是黄石公园和冰岛，利用氧同位素分析揭示了岩浆体的成因和组合，这些岩浆体中含有大量来自大气水体的氧。该研究计划结合了在大体积火山喷发产物中检测单晶氧同位素非均质性和晶体分带的新方法，以推断晶体和岩浆的起源。第三个研究课题是利用火山喷发产生的硫酸盐中氧和硫的稀有同位素来研究火山喷发对气候的影响。这项研究将在俄勒冈大学PI新建的最先进的稳定同位素实验室进行，该实验室是研究生，本科生，博士后学生以及国际访客之间知识交流和发现的中心。教育组成部分与上述研究目标密切相关，包括在实验室学习过程中培养研究生和本科生，参与暑期研究本科生和社区学院学生，开发新课程，促进美国，俄罗斯，法国和冰岛的研究生和本科生与科学家之间的交流与合作。国际交流将包括合作实验室访问，联合实地考察和国际学生招聘。PI组建了一个由研究生和本科生、博士后、实验室技术人员组成的多元化研究小组，并建立了一个国内外合作网络。该提案将为维护实验室及其成员的分析基础设施提供长期支持，为本科生和研究生的教育和指导做出贡献，支持妇女从事地球科学研究，促进有意义的国际合作。此外，该提案将为PI作为科学家和教育家的发展奠定坚实的基础，使区域教学学院的地球科学家参与研究，支持PI正在进行的外展活动，并将导致关于火山作用，其起源及其对环境的影响的几个关键未解问题的新出版物和发现。

Large volume volcanism represents a significant hazard to mankind that crosses political and state boundaries. Isotopic studies provide important insights into the causes of volcanism and its aftermaths. Collaboration with scientists and students from different disciplines and in different countries is required. Volcanism is truly an inspirational topic in Geoscience education and outreach activities. This proposal uses microanalytical stable isotope techniques to study volcanic processes. The first two planned research activities address the origin of large-volume eruption of silicic and basaltic magmas with emphasis on Yellowstone and Iceland using oxygen isotope analysis to unravel the genesis and assembly of magma bodies that contain significant proportion of oxygen derived from meteoric waters. The research plan incorporates the novel approach of examining single-crystal oxygen isotopic heterogeneity and zoning of crystals in products of large-volume volcanic eruptions to infer the origin of crystals and magmas. The third research topic to be pursued deals with the climatic impacts of these eruptions by using rare isotopes of oxygen and sulfur in sulfate from volcanic eruptions. The research will be conducted in the newly constructed state-of-the-art stable isotope laboratory built by the PI at the University of Oregon that serves as a center for intellectual exchange and discovery between graduate, undergraduate, and postdoctoral students, as well as international visitors.The education components are closely intertwined with the research goals above and include training of graduate and undergraduate students in the course of lab-based learning, participation of summer research undergraduates and community college students, development of new courses, and promotion of exchanges and collaboration among graduate and undergraduate students and scientists in the USA, Russia, France, and Iceland. International exchange will involve collaborative lab visits, joint fieldwork, and international student hiring. The PI has assembled a diverse research group consisting of graduate and undergraduate students, a postdoctoral fellow, a lab technician, and has developed a network of domestic and international collaborators. This proposal will provide long-term support to maintain analytical infrastructure of the lab and its members, contribute to education and mentoring of undergraduate and graduate students, support women in geosciences, foster meaningful international collaborations. Additionally the proposal will serve as a firm foundation for the PI's development as scientist and educator, involve geoscientists from regional teaching colleges into research, support ongoing outreach activities of the PI, and will lead to new publications and discoveries on several key unanswered questions about volcanism, its origin, and impact on the environment.