Doctoral Dissertation Research: Miscegenation Nation: Race Crossing and the Human Sciences in Hawaii, 1889-1945

这个博士论文项目，由科学，技术社会（STS）在美国国家科学基金会计划的支持下，探讨如何美国民族学家，物理人类学家和社会学家研究种族交叉在夏威夷之间的1880年和1945年。 它调查了以下项目如何塑造了关于种族混合及其后果的地方和学科知识：伯尼采保阿希主教人类学和民族学博物馆的建立（1889年）;体质人类学家对混血人的摄影和身体测量调查;夏威夷大学社会学家对混血家庭的研究;以及第二次世界大战期间大学战争研究实验室的种族关系研究。 结合夏威夷和美国大陆的档案研究，这一历史研究解释了在夏威夷的研究在人文科学的理论和实践的发展的重要性。 它还说明了政府机构和当地企业如何应用有关种族化领土主题的知识。 美国种族科学研究的历史主要集中在科学家对种族关系和黑人与白色人混合的关注上。 将亚洲人和土著人纳入种族混合的研究，使夏威夷的研究更能代表人类的多样性，因为它使结果更加模糊，对当代的种族定义提出了挑战。 本论文的研究汇集了种族科学史，生物学史，社会科学史和科学行动主义史。 因此，该项目增强了对领土在种族本身性质的思想发展中的作用的历史理解;并展示了夏威夷的领土如何作为一个学科实验室，社会科学家在那里研究生物学如何影响他们的学科。 该项目旨在扩大和加深STS对种族交叉知识在科学家关于科学种族主义的辩论中的作用的理解。

This doctoral dissertation project, supported by the Science, Technology & Society (STS) program at NSF, examines how American ethnologists, physical anthropologists, and sociologists studied race crossing in Hawaii between 1880 and 1945. It investigates how the following projects shaped local and disciplinary knowledge about race mixing and its consequences: the establishment of the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum of Anthropology and Ethnology (1889); physical anthropologists' photographic and physical measurement surveys of mixed race people; mixed race family studies by sociologists at the University of Hawaii; and race relations research at the University's War Research Lab during World War II. Combining archival research in Hawaii and the continental United States, this historical study explains the importance of research in Hawaii to the development of theory and practice in the human sciences. It also illustrates how government agencies and local businesses applied knowledge about racialized territorial subjects. The history of the scientific study of race in the U.S. has focused primarily on scientists' concerns with race relations and mixing between black and white people. Incorporating Asian and indigenous people into studies of race mixing made research in Hawaii more representative of human diversity, as it made results more ambiguous and challenging to contemporary definitions of race. This dissertation research brings together the history of racial science, the history of biology, the history of the social sciences, and the history of scientific activism. Hence, this project enhances historical understandings of the role of territories in the development of ideas about the nature of race itself; and demonstrates how the territory of Hawaii served as a disciplinary laboratory where social scientists worked out how biology should influence their disciplines. The project stands to expand and deepen STS understanding of the role of race crossing knowledge in scientists' debates about scientific racism.