A Functional Approach for the Analysis of Peak Wind Loads on Houses Exposed to Hurricanes and Validation of Wind Tunnel Simulations

佛罗里达海岸监测项目（FCMP）在最近的飓风季节对原型建筑收集的现场数据显示，测量的压力系数超过了建筑规范的规定，并且风速远远低于这些规范中规定的设计风速。由于现行规范对风荷载的规定是建立在将许多风洞观测结果减少到几个数字的基础上的，因此出现了一个问题，即什么构成了正确的大气表面层气流和低层结构上相关风荷载的风洞模拟，以及在将这些模拟中测量的压力系数转换为全尺寸应用时应遵循什么程序。该研究的目的是确定低层结构的一般风洞模拟是否可以预测飓风条件下的风荷载。这将通过将最近飓风季节测量的全尺度峰值压力和风荷载系数与具有相同不超过概率的模式尺度测量结果进行对比来实现。比较将基于概率程序，该程序将用于从单个样本记录中获得峰值压力和负载系数的分布。不同的方法将被实现和比较，以确定峰的概率分布函数的参数。不同的限制因素，包括湍流强度的影响以及开放和郊区地形暴露之间的差异，也将得到解决。最近在佛罗里达州进行的测量提供了一个独特的数据库，可用于评估模拟风荷载的可靠性。提出的努力提供了一种概率方法来对比全尺度和模型尺度的压力和风荷载系数。这种方法通过将非超过概率与其值联系起来，重新定义在单个记录中测量的峰值风荷载。该项目的智力优势在于，它可以更好地将现场数据与风洞模拟数据进行比较。就更广泛的影响而言，拟议的研究将有助于更可靠地预测风荷载，从而达到减少风损害造成的损失的目标。该项目小组将与商业和家庭安全研究所合作，该研究所是一家非营利的美国公司，旨在支持研究和推广减少自然灾害损失的建筑技术。项目团队还将与弗吉尼亚理工大学的多元文化学术机会计划（MAOP）合作，使来自代表性不足群体的本科生和研究生能够参与这项研究。

Field data collected under the Florida Coastal Monitoring Program (FCMP) during recent hurricane seasons on prototype buildings has revealed that measured pressure coefficients exceeded the provisions of building codes and that wind damage occurred at wind speeds well below the design wind speeds presented in these codes. Because the current code provisions for wind loads are based on the reduction of many wind tunnel observations into a few numbers, the question arises as to what constitutes a proper wind tunnel simulation of the flow in the atmospheric surface layer and associated wind loads on low-rise structures and what procedures should be followed in translating pressure coefficients as measured in these simulations to full scale applications. The objective of the proposed research is to determine whether generic wind tunnel simulations of low-rise structures can predict wind loads under hurricane conditions. This will be achieved by contrasting full scale peak pressure and wind load coefficients measured during recent hurricane seasons with model scale measurements with the same probability of non-exceedence. The comparison will be based on a probabilistic procedure that will be employed to obtain the distribution of peak pressure and load coefficients from single sample records. Different methods will be implemented and compared to determine the parameters of the probability distribution function of the peaks. The different limiting factors, including effects of turbulence intensity and differences between open and suburban terrain exposures, will also be addressed. The recent measurements conducted in Florida provide a unique database that can be used to assess the reliability of simulated wind loads. The proposed effort provides a probabilistic approach for contrasting full and model scale pressure and wind load coefficients. This approach redefines a peak wind load as measured in a single record by associating a non-exceedence probability with its value. The intellectual merit of this project is that it will enable a better comparison of field data with data from wind tunnel simulations. With respect to broader impacts, the proposed research will contribute to a more reliable prediction of wind loads and thus to the goal of reducing losses due to wind damage. The project team will work with the Institute for Business and Home Safety, a non-profit U.S. corporation established to support research and promote construction techniques for loss reduction from natural hazards. The project team will also work with the Multicultural Academic Opportunities Program (MAOP) at Virginia Tech to enable involvement by undergraduate and graduate students from underrepresented groups in this wind research.