Collaborative Research: Integrated Characterization of Energy, Clouds, Atmospheric State, and Precipitation at Summit (ICECAPS)

该奖项是根据2009年美国复苏和再投资法案（公法111-5）资助的。该奖项支持一项实地活动，该活动将扩大北极观测网络（AON），将云、大气和降水测量以及相关的高阶数据产品添加到格陵兰冰盖顶部的顶峰。拟议的仪器套件包括一个云雷达、两个微波辐射计、一个大气发射辐射干涉仪、一个x波段降水传感器、一个ceilometer、一个微脉冲激光雷达和一个每天两次的无线电探空计划。这套先进仪器的测量结果，加上Summit正在进行的一些测量结果，将被输入到一些算法中，以产生对气候有用的地球物理数据产品，以支持特定于gis和北极范围的研究。数据产品将包括：(1)大气状态-通过对流层和平流层下层的温度和湿度剖面；(2)云宏观物理——云的发生、垂直边界和温度；(3)云微物理——云相、含水量、光学深度和粒径；(4)降水—降水类型和速率；(5)云辐射强迫——云对地面辐射平衡的影响。这些产品将共同增强在北极其他地点产生的类似数据集。预计这些数据集将被更广泛的科学界广泛使用，以了解格陵兰冰盖和更广泛的北极盆地的气候，并验证格陵兰岛的卫星检索和模式模拟。这一奖项的“广泛影响”数不胜数。提出的观测将有助于北极环境变化研究（SEARCH）的目标。这将是格陵兰冰原上的首次此类测量，并将扩大整个北极地区现有的此类测量网络，尽管规模不大。极地云性质的不确定性是目前极地气候模式的一个主要缺陷；提出的云宏观和微观物理观测将为改进模型云算法提供一些必要的约束。该项目将为威斯康星大学、科罗拉多大学和爱达荷大学的研究生提供重要的野外工作和数据处理经验。此外，实地项目的数据和经验将被整合到爱达荷大学的本科课程和威斯康星大学的夏季研讨会中。

This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5).This award supports a field campaign that will expand the Arctic Observing Network (AON) by adding cloud, atmosphere, and precipitation measurements, and associated higher-order data products, to Summit, Greenland, at the top of the Greenland Ice Sheet. The proposed instrument suite consists of a cloud radar, two microwave radiometers, an Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer, an X-band precipitation sensor, a ceilometer, a micropulse lidar, and a twice-daily radiosonde program. Measurements from this advanced suite of instruments, combined with some ongoing measurements at Summit, will be input for a number of algorithms to produce climatically useful geophysical data products to support GIS-specific and Arctic-wide research. Data products will include: (1) Atmospheric State - temperature and moisture profiles through the troposphere and lower stratosphere; (2) Cloud Macrophysics - cloud occurrence, vertical boundaries, and temperatures; (3) Cloud Microphysics - cloud phase, water content, optical depth, and particle size; (4) Precipitation - precipitation type and rate; and (5) Cloud Radiative Forcing - impact of clouds on the surface radiation balance. Together these products will augment similar data sets that are produced at other locations across the Arctic. It is anticipated and intended that these data sets will be widely used by the broader scientific community to understand the climates of the Greenland Ice Sheet and the broader Arctic Basin and to validate satellite retrievals and model simulations over Greenland. The "Broader Impacts" of this award are numerous. The proposed observations will contribute to the goals of the Study of Arctic Environmental Change (SEARCH). They will be the first of their kind on the Greenland Ice Sheet and will expand the existing, although modest, network of such measurements across the Arctic. Uncertainty in polar cloud properties is a major deficiency in current models of polar climate; the proposed observations of cloud macro- and micro-physics will provide some of the necessary constraints for improving model cloud algorithms. This project will provide important field work and data processing experience for graduate students at the University of Wisconsin, University of Colorado and University of Idaho. In addition, data and experiences from the field program will be integrated into undergraduate coursework at the University of Idaho and summer workshops at the University of Wisconsin.