Atmospheric Tides and Their Effects on Ionosphere-Thermosphere-Mesosphere (ITM) Dynamics, Composition, and Structure

该奖项是根据2009年美国复苏和再投资法案（公法111-5）资助的。该项目旨在更好地描绘从平流层到热层的非迁移潮的全球表现，并更好地确定主要在对流层的非迁移潮的起源。对非迁移潮汐特征的调查将包括检查其年内、季节内和年际变化。观测数据将用于驱动位于美国国家大气研究中心（NCAR）的热层-电离层-中间层-电动力学环流模型（GCM）和热层-电离层-电动力学GCM中的非迁移潮汐解。这些将用于在30公里至500公里高度获得风、温度、密度、次要成分、气辉发射、电场和电离层组成的全球大气潮汐扰动的真实模拟。在2002-2008年期间，TIMED航天器在纬度正负50度和海拔20 - 120公里之间的温度测量，结合潮汐理论，将提供模型所需的温度、风和位势扰动，以便参数化和表示模型下边界的潮汐效应。将包括降雨引起的辐射和潜热的最新测定结果以及行星波的说明。模式的结果将形成一个框架，用于解释目前对全球潮汐变化的测量，特别是对中间层-热层-电离层区域的经度变化的测量，最近从地面和空间进行的观测已表明这一点很重要。这种经度变化是普遍存在的，发生在中性风和温度、次要成分密度和气辉发射以及电离层参数（如等离子体密度和电场）中。就更广泛的影响而言，该项目将支持一名博士生，并包括本科生参与研究活动。由于这项研究将有助于理解和解释不同的卫星数据集，它将成为卫星科学项目分析和解释结果的资源，并有助于改进NCAR高层大气模式。

This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5).This project aims to better delineate the global manifestations of non-migrating tides from the stratosphere through the thermosphere and to better determine the origin of the non-migrating tides which is largely in the troposphere. The investigation of the non-migrating tidal signatures will include examination of their intra-annual, intra-seasonal, and inter-annual variations. Observational data will be employed to drive non-migrating tidal solutions in the Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Mesosphere-Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (GCM) and the Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Electrodynamics GCM housed at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). These will be used to obtain realistic simulations of global atmospheric tidal perturbations in winds, temperatures, densities, minor constituents, airglow emissions, electric fields, and ionospheric composition from 30 km to 500 km altitude. Temperature measurements from the TIMED spacecraft between plus-and-minus 50 degrees latitude and 20 - 120 km altitude during 2002-2008, combined with tidal theory, will provide the temperature, wind, and geopotential perturbations needed by the models in order to parameterize and represent tidal effects at the models' lower boundaries. Latest determinations of radiative and latent heating due to rainfall will be included as well as the specification of planetary waves. The model results will form a framework for the interpretation of existing measurements of tidal variations over the globe, especially in terms of the longitude variability in the mesosphere-thermosphere-ionosphere region which recent observations from ground and space have shown to be significant. This longitude variability is pervasive and occurs in neutral winds and temperatures, minor constituent densities and airglow emissions, and ionospheric parameters such as plasma density and electric fields. In terms of broader impacts, the project will support a Ph.D. student and include undergraduate students in the research activities. Since the study will help in the understanding and interpretation of diverse satellite data sets, it will be a resource for satellite science programs in both analysis and interpretation of results, and help improve the NCAR upper atmosphere models.