Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Economic Change and Continuity during the Initial Period at the Castillo de Huaricanga (Fortaleza Valley, Peru)

在R.Alan Covey博士的监督下，Martin Authier将在Castillo de Huaricanga挖掘，这是一个由金字塔、平台和广场组成的纪念性建筑群，建于公元前1000年左右，位于秘鲁中北部海岸的福塔莱萨山谷。发掘将测试精英住宅、中央存储设施和工艺品生产区是否位于纪念性中心内。作者将清理纪念性建筑群三大区域的松散表面碎片，以记录建筑配置，然后在每个区域挖掘两个房间，以根据建筑特征和相关文物组合确定空间的功能。这项研究之所以重要，是因为它将拓宽对秘鲁沿海早期复杂社会的理解，并将通过扩展文化进化理论，专注于新兴复杂社会中的小范围变化，为人类学科学做出贡献。对卡斯蒂略·德·瓦里康加的发掘将增加对秘鲁海岸沿线纪念性中心在最初时期的变异性的了解。这项研究将侧重于地方传统和地区间互动在精英管理和维护经济基础方面的复杂相互作用。这些调查还将提供一个难得的机会，了解古代晚期(公元前3000年-公元前1800年)和早期(公元前800年-公元前900年)之间的变化和连续性，因为卡斯蒂略·德·瓦里坎加位于最近几年挖掘的晚期古代纪念性建筑群附近。此外，这项研究将有助于人类学对新兴复杂社会的理解。文化进化的人类学理论已经超越了分类学问题，转向认识到早期复杂社会中的巨大变异性，以及个体因素在小规模变化中的重要性。对卡斯蒂略·德·瓦里康加的考古研究将测试精英阶层如何保持他们的经济基础，尽管基于影响他们的更大地区变化的微小变化。这项研究的更广泛影响包括与秘鲁考古学家的学术合作，教育的进步，以及社区参与发展旅游业和管理文化资源。与秘鲁联合主任的密切合作将有助于促进秘鲁和美国学者之间的学术对话。这项研究还将让秘鲁和美国的学生参与挖掘和实验室分析，这将为考古学教育提供实践培训和经验。最后，瓦里康加当地社区将参与对他们丰富的文化遗产的调查。除了雇用经验丰富的当地工人外，该项目还将通过现场参观、公开讲座以及与当地考古学家合作，让整个社区参与进来，当地考古学家正致力于在社区建立一个小博物馆。考古学家与社区合作保护无价的文化遗产是至关重要的。通过展示该地区文化资源的价值，研究人员将保护该遗址免受过去破坏该遗址的掠夺者、农民和牧民的未来破坏。

Under the supervision of Dr. R. Alan Covey, Martin Authier will excavate at the Castillo de Huaricanga, a monumental complex of pyramids, platforms, and plazas constructed around 1000 BC in the Fortaleza Valley on the north-central coast of Peru. The excavations will test whether or not elite residences, central storage facilities, and craft production areas were located within the monumental center. Authier will clear loose surface debris from three large areas of the monumental complex in order to record the architectural configuration, and then excavate two rooms in each area to determine the function of the spaces based on architectural features and the associated artifact assemblage. This research is important because it will broaden the understanding of the early complex societies on the coast of Peru, and it will contribute to the science of anthropology by expanding on cultural evolutionary theory, focusing on small-scale changes within emergent complex societies. Excavations at the Castillo de Huaricanga will add to the understanding of variability in monumental centers along the Peruvian coast during the Initial Period. The research will focus on the complex interplay between local tradition and interregional interaction in the elites' management and maintenance of an economic power base. The investigations will also offer a rare look at change and continuity between the Late Archaic (~3000 BC-1800 BC) and the Initial Period (~800 BC - 900 BC) because the Castillo de Huaricanga is located near a Late Archaic monumental complex that has been excavated in recent years. Moreover, the research will contribute to the anthropological understanding of emergent complex societies. Anthropological theory of cultural evolution has been moving beyond the taxonomic issues toward the recognition of great variability in early complex societies and the importance of individual agents in small-scale changes. The archaeological study of the Castillo de Huaricanga will test how elites maintain their economic power base though small changes based on the larger regional changes that affect them. The broader impacts of the research include academic collaboration with Peruvian archaeologists, the advancement of education, and community involvement in developing tourism and managing the cultural resources. Close collaboration with a Peruvian co-director will help advance academic dialogue between scholars in Peru and the U.S. The research will also involve Peruvian and American students in both the excavation and laboratory analysis, which will give the hands-on training and experience that are essential for education in archaeology. Finally, the local community of Huaricanga will be involved in the investigation of their rich cultural patrimony. In addition to employing experienced local workers, the project will involve the whole community by giving site tours, public talks, and working with local archaeologists who are working to establish a small museum in the community. It is essential that archaeologists work with the community to protect the invaluable cultural heritage. By demonstrating the value of the cultural resources in the area, the researchers will protect the site from future damage from looters, farmers, and pastoralists who have damaged the site in the past.