New Tunable Thieno[3,4-b]Pyrazine-Based Materials for Photonic Applications

该奖项由材料研究部的电子和光子材料计划、化学部的有机和高分子化学计划、刺激竞争性研究的实验计划办公室和国际科学与工程办公室共同资助。技术：该项目旨在促进对具有低电子带隙的共轭聚合物材料的理解和设计，特别是基于噻吩[3，4-B]吡嗪。研究活动将新材料/化学合成策略的开发与低带隙，改善稳定性，减少缺陷和增加溶解度的新材料的制造相结合。研究了这些材料的氧化敏感性及其基本结构-功能特性。本论文的主要目的是：（1）合成新的功能化噻吩并[3，4-B]吡嗪、苊并[1，2-B]噻吩并[3，4-e]吡嗪及其衍生物，并将其应用于新型均聚物和交替共聚材料。这些物质将超越目前简单的二烷基或二芳基物质，包括各种各样的给电子和吸电子基团，从而允许更广泛的调谐和控制所得的能级。(2)通过应用格氏复分解聚合方法制备具有减少的缺陷和提高的加工性的新的噻吩并[3，4-B]吡嗪基材料。(3)应用新的合成方法制备基于噻吩并[3，4-B]吡嗪的三噻吩基化合物，所述三噻吩基化合物包含至多三个独特的噻吩单元。使用这种低带隙前体将允许额外的侧链增加溶解度，而没有限制共轭和带隙的额外的空间相互作用，以及提供生产更复杂的三组分材料的能力。(4)将这些新材料用于电信应用的红外探测器和用于开发更高效的太阳能电池的光电器件，并对其进行测试。该研究项目涉及的科学将影响电信和可再生能源领域。研究生和本科生将接受化学，聚合物科学和材料科学基础的培训。这些活动包括与澳大利亚纽卡斯尔大学的科学家以及美国工业界的科学家进行多学科合作。这种方法使学生接触到各种各样的观点和经验，从合成和表征，到薄膜形成，加工和器件制造。这种全面的广泛培训导致生产训练有素的下一代科学家，他们准备推动该领域的进步和生产技术设备，以造福社会。

This award is co-funded by the Electronic and Photonic Materials Program in the Division of Materials Research, the Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry Program in the Division of Chemistry, the Office of Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research, and the Office of International Science and Engineering.Technical: This project aims to advance the understanding and design of conjugated polymeric materials with low electronic bandgaps, in particular materials based on thieno[3,4-b]pyrazines. The research activities couple development of new materials/chemical synthetic strategies to fabrication of new materials with low bandgaps, improved stability, reduced defects, and increased solubility. The research investigates the oxidative sensitivity of these materials and their basic structure-function properties. It has on the following goals: (1) Production and application of new families of functionalized thieno[3,4-b]pyrazines, acenaphtho[1,2-b]thieno[3,4-e]pyrazines, and related derivatives to new homopolymeric and alternating copolymeric materials. These species will go beyond the current simple dialkyl or diaryl species to include a wide variety of electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups, thus allowing more extensive tuning and control of the resulting energy levels. (2) Production of new thieno[3,4-b]pyrazine-based materials with reduced defects and increased processability through the application of Grignard metathesis polymerization methods. (3) The application of new synthetic methods for the production of thieno[3,4-b]pyrazine-based terthienyls comprised of up to three unique thiophene units. The use of such low bandgap precursors will allow additional side chains to increase solubility without additional steric interactions that limit conjugation and band gap, as well as provide the ability to produce more complex three-component materials. (4) The incorporation and testing of these new materials in infrared detectors for telecommunication applications and photovoltaic devices for the development of more efficient solar cells.Non-technical: The project addresses basic scientific issues in a topical area of materials and chemical sciences with high technological relevance. The sciences involved in this research project will impact the fields of telecommunication and renewable energy. Graduate and undergraduate students will be trained in the fundamentals of chemistry, polymer science, and materials science. The activities include multi-disciplinary efforts with scientists at the University of Newcastle, Australia, as well as those at the US industry. Such an approach exposes students to a wide variety of viewpoints and experiences, from synthesis and characterization, to film formation, processing and device fabrication. This overall broad training results in the production of a highly trained, next generation of scientists ready to move forward the advances in the field and production of technological devices for the benefit of society.