Collaborative Research on Governing Complex Commons: Policy Networks in an Ecology of Games

这个团队正在探索政策制定者如何决定解决哪些问题，参与哪些决策场所，以及与谁合作解决这些问题。他们假设，合作模式或政策网络强烈影响管理机构在解决复杂问题方面的效率和效力。这项研究涉及位于加利福尼亚州、佛罗里达州和阿根廷的三个河口，那里的水质下降、供水减少、洪水和对生物多样性的威胁等问题需要多个利益相关者采取协调行动。这三个网站提供了管理这些问题的监管、合作和自愿机构的不同组合，因此提供了研究这些问题的充足条件。数据将从新闻媒体和互联网分析以及对每个河口所有主要政策参与者的调查中收集。分析技术将包括对当地生态的定性描述以及基于社会网络分析(SNA)技术的定量分析。这项研究试图将非正式网络和机构结构整合到与复杂政策问题更相关的治理理论中。特别是，该小组寻求更好地了解当行为者融入复杂的决策系统时，如何通过合作活动管理自然资源。许多政策分析侧重于单一的政策项目，当这些研究的建议未能认识到参与者、机构和问题在整个游戏生态中的复杂交互作用时，可能会导致意想不到的后果。这项研究试图了解河口和类似生态系统的经济、环境和社会效益之间的相互关系。此外，通过美国和阿根廷之间的比较，可以分析不同的政治文化和国家机构如何影响政策参与者解决这些关键环境问题的能力。

This team is exploring questions about how policy making actors decide which problems to tackle, what policymaking venues to participate in, and who to collaborate with in solving the problems. They hypothesize that the patterns of collaboration, or policy networks, strongly affect the efficiency and effectiveness of governing institutions in resolving complex problems. The study involves three estuaries located in California, Florida and Argentina, where problems such as declining water quality, dwindling water supply, flooding, and threats to biodiversity require coordinated action from multiple stakeholders. The three sites provide different mixtures of regulatory, collaborative, and voluntary institutions governing these issues, and thus provide an ample range of conditions in which to study the questions. Data will be collected from news media and internet analysis as well as surveys of all major policy actors in each estuary. Analytic techniques will include qualitative descriptions of the local ecologies as well as quantitative analyses based on Social Network Analysis (SNA) techniques.The study seeks to integrate informal networks and institutional structure into a theory of governance more relevant to complex policy problems. In particular, the team seeks a better understanding of how natural resources are managed through cooperative activities when actors are embedded in complex policy-making systems. Many policy analyses focus on single policy programs, and advice from these studies can to lead to unintended consequences when they fail to recognize the complex interaction of actors, institutions, and problems within the full ecology of games. This study seeks to understand the interrelatedness of economic, environmental, and social benefits at stake in estuaries and similar ecological systems. In addition, the comparisons between the U.S. and Argentina enable analysis of how different political cultures and national institutions affect the ability of policy actors to solve these key environmental problems.