Doctoral Dissertation: Examining the Theoretical Boundaries of Tradable Rights in Fisheries Management

渔业中以权利为基础的管理计划的经济和生态目标的实现取决于贸易活动和市场促进贸易的能力，市场被认为是在基本经济原则的基础上运作的。然而，这些市场在几个方面都是独一无二的，特别是每个市场都与不可预测的资源基础相关联，由各种机构以不同的协议发起和构建，并且？在很多情况下？受到渔民根深蒂固的社会和文化制度的影响。这些因素确保了这些市场具有内在的变数，增加了该行业的风险，并使渔民的决定复杂化。本研究将使用经济学、交流网络和人类学的方法来考察陷阱证书市场（一个用于管理佛罗里达多刺龙虾陷阱渔业的项目），以评估理论框架应用于基于权利的渔业管理的界限。佛罗里达州商业渔业经营权市场上的历史交易将被用来检验关于市场长期运作和发展的假设。通过对交易者的个人访谈获得的信息来扩充交易数据，可以检查可能解释交易活动的因素，包括已知影响交易成本和社会网络发展的个人特征。最后，基于地理信息系统的关于捕鱼生境和市场力量的信息将完成用于统计和回归分析的解释因素集。这项研究有助于了解市场结构和功能理论在多大程度上可以应用于可交易的许可证市场，特别是商业渔业。本研究提供了一个利用社会网络分析分析市场结构的例子，这种方法在渔业研究中不常用，但鉴于渔业社区中社会关系的重要性，这种方法非常合适。不仅是渔业，所有资源都越来越多地使用可交易工具作为管理工具，这项研究的结果是什么？除了个体特征外，通过明确地捕捉社会网络和栖息地的空间信息？可以证明对理论上健全和有效的方案的发展至关重要。随着世界范围内越来越多地使用基于权利的可转让方案，研究结果和政策建议也将对国际渔业界有用。

Achievement of the economic and ecological goals of rights-based management programs in fisheries depends on trading activity and the ability of the market to facilitate trading, a market that is assumed to function on basic economic principles. These markets are unique in several ways, however, particularly in that each is tied to an unpredictable resource base, is initiated and structured by a variety of agencies with distinct protocols, and?in many cases?is affected by a deeply rooted social and cultural system among the fishermen. These factors ensure that such markets are inherently variable, contribute to the riskiness of the industry and complicate fishermen decisions. This study will use approaches from economics, exchange networks, and anthropology to examine the market for trap certificates, a program used to manage the Florida spiny lobster trap fishery, to evaluate the boundaries of the theoretical framework as applied to rights-based fisheries management. Historical transactions in a market for rights to operate in a commercial fishery in Florida will be used to test hypotheses regarding the functioning and development of markets over time. Augmenting the transactions data with information obtained from personal interviews of traders will allow for the examination of factors that are likely to explain trading activity that cannot be captured otherwise, including individual characteristics that are known to affect transactions costs and the development of social networks. Finally, GIS-based information on fishing habitat and market power will complete the set of explanatory factors for use in statistical and regression analysis.The study contributes to understanding the extent to which theories of market structure and function can be applied to tradable permit markets, specifically in commercial fisheries. This study provides an example of the utility of social network analysis to analyze market structure, a method not commonly used in fisheries studies but highly appropriate given the importance of social ties in fishing communities. The use of tradable instruments as management tools is increasing for all resources, not just fisheries, and the results of this study?by explicitly capturing spatial information on social networks and habitats in addition to individual characteristics?can prove crucial to the development of theoretically sound and effective programs. The results and policy recommendations will also be useful to the international fishing community as the use of transferable rights-based programs increases worldwide.