EFRI-HyBi: Maximizing Conversion of Biomass Carbon to Liquid Fuel

提要PI名称：Rakesh AgrawalInstitution：普渡大学建议编号：0938033 EFRI-HYBI：最大限度地将生物质碳转化为液体燃料该奖项由2009年美国复苏和再投资法案(公共法律第111-5号)资助智力优点：到目前为止，所有生物质转化过程都限制在木质纤维衍生的碳转化为液体燃料的部分。根据木质纤维的总碳质量和当前的转化过程，碳回收转化为燃料的比例限制在40%以下。为了最大限度地减少种植生物质所需的土地面积，以满足我国运输部门对S液体燃料的需求，最大限度地提高生物质碳转化为液体燃料的效率是至关重要的。为此，设想协同开发一种使用催化剂的热转化过程，优化木质纤维生物质的结构和组成，以直接生产高能量密度液体燃料。如果不能优化直接转化，生物质中的氧气去除将得到改善，以获得可能进一步精炼的生物原油。初步数据表明，生物质在热解条件下的反应产物依赖于细胞壁的组成和结构。这项工作的基础是这样一个假设，即改变壁面结构中的关键分子键将降低生产生物油所需的温度(能量输入)，并在新温度下改变加氢热解过程中释放的分子物种的分布。这一建议的智力优势体现在协同发展以下各个领域的基础知识：(I)使用快速加氢热解和原位加氢脱氧(HDO)进行生物质转化的化学工艺，(Ii)适用于提高热反应活性和选择性的催化剂的开发，(Iii)针对快速加氢热解/HDO最终使用的生物质工程的基因发现，(Iv)建立小型分布式工厂的科学和技术知识库，其能量投入和补充氢耗低，避免长途运输生物质。对所有这些方面的并行研究将揭示出以前从未见过的生产高能量密集型液体燃料分子的协同效应。多元化的团队汇集了植物基因组学、反应工程、催化、过程系统分析、化学和化学工程方面的专家，以创建一个跨学科的知识库，转变生物燃料生产的碳和能源效率。广泛影响：拟议的研究和由此产生的技术将在多个层面产生影响。他们将在将整个生物质碳转化为液体燃料方面引入新的和变革性的概念，并将创造科学知识，将生物质的物理和化学结构与使用筋水热解/HDO的转化过程联系起来。利用玉米突变体、转基因品系、多样性品系和它们的重组自交系，可以快速鉴定控制理想品质性状的基因，这些基因影响转化效率，以便将来转化为各种能源作物。该项目的成功成果将导致小型分布式工厂的开发，这些工厂将对全球范围的环境、商业和经济产生影响。研究成果将通过会议、期刊文章和互联网传播，并被纳入普渡大学各种与能源有关的课程和讲座。研究机会将提供给本科生和研究生，并通过普渡大学现有的推广计划提供。采购经理人将向化学和能源公司传播信息，并与之接触，以促进未来的实施，从而加快经济影响。

Abstract PI Name: Rakesh AgrawalInstitution: Purdue UniversityProposal Number: 0938033 EFRI-HyBi: Maximizing Conversion of Biomass Carbon to Liquid FuelThis award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5)Intellectual Merit: To date, all biomass conversion processes are limited in the fraction of lignocellulosic-derived carbon that is converted to liquid fuel. Based on total lignocellulosic carbon mass and current conversion processes, the carbon recovery into fuel is limited to less than 40%. In order to minimize the land area needed to grow biomass to meet our nation?s liquid fuel demand for the transportation sector, it is essential that the efficiency of conversion of biomass carbon to liquid fuel be maximized. To this end the synergistic development of a thermal conversion process using catalysts is envisioned, with optimized structures and composition of lignocellulosic biomass, to yield directly high-energy density liquid fuels. If direct conversion cannot be optimized, oxygen removal from the biomass will be improved for a bio-crude that may be further refined. Preliminary data indicate a dependence on cell wall composition and structure for the reaction products of biomass in pyrolytic conditions. The basis for the work is the hypothesis that modification of key molecular bonds in wall architecture will reduce the temperature (energy input) required to produce a bio-oil and also change the distribution of molecular species released during hydropyrolysis at the new temperature. The intellectual merit of this proposal resides in the synergistic development of fundamental knowledge in each of the areas: (i) a chemical process using fast-hydropyrolysis along with in-situ hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) for biomass conversion, (ii) suitable catalyst development to enhance activity and selectivity of the thermal reactions; (iii) gene discovery for engineering of biomass tailored for its end-use in fast-hydropyrolysis/HDO, (iv) scientific and technical knowledge base to build small-scale distributed plants with low energy inputs and low supplemental hydrogen consumption, avoiding transportation of biomass over long distances. Study of all these aspects in parallel will reveal synergies for the production of energy-dense liquid fuel molecules that have not been seen before. The diverse team brings together experts in plant genomics, reaction engineering, catalysis, process systems analysis, chemistry and chemical engineering to create an interdisciplinary knowledge base that transforms the carbon and energy efficiencies of biofuels production.Broader impact: The proposed research and resulting technologies will have impact at multiple levels. They will introduce new and transformative concepts in the conversion of the entire biomass carbon to liquid fuel and will create scientific knowledge linking the physical and chemical structure of biomass to the conversion process using fasthydropyrolysis/ HDO. The use of maize mutants, transgenic lines, and diversity lines and their recombinant inbreds will allow rapid identification of genes controlling desirable quality traits that impact conversion efficiency for future translation to a variety of energy crops. Successful outcomes from the project will lead to the development of small distributed scale plants that will have environmental, commercial and economic impact of global proportions. The research results will be disseminated through conferences, journal articles, and the internet and by their incorporation in various energy-related courses and lectures at Purdue. Research opportunities will be provided to undergraduate and graduate students, and provided through existing outreach programs at Purdue. The PIs will disseminate information to and engage with chemical and energy companies to facilitate future implementation and thereby accelerate economic impact.