Doctoral Dissertation Research Improvement Grant: Inka Estate Administration in the Imperial Heartland (Maras, Cusco, Peru)

在Alan Covey博士的指导下，Kylie Quave将挖掘和分析秘鲁库斯科Cheq'oq帝国印卡遗址的材料残骸。在16世纪的库斯科，Cheq'oq是一个大型的储存和居住中心，属于私人贵族土地或皇家地产。虽然国家政治经济与地方经济以及广泛的房地产资源和劳动力私人经济一起发挥作用，但印卡腹地的研究人员传统上关注的是最大的行政中心和皇家宫殿。通过这种方式，他们忽略了对地产相关遗址的系统挖掘和分析，特别是那些具有非王室居住元素的遗址。该项目强调对低阶房地产解决方案的调查，以检验与房地产作为经济系统的性质有关的假设。谁在印卡庄园生活和工作？这些群体被赋予了什么样的地位这些群体通过殖民文件被从外省带到这个地区为贵族服务？他们在主食和财富生产中扮演了什么角色？庄园包括宫殿、灌溉梯田、骆驼畜栏和其他资源集约化的基础设施。印卡人要求中层精英管理他们的资源和劳动力。根据社会背景的不同，这些管理者可能是印卡贵族，也可能来自被征服的省或地方团体。通过对库斯科-印卡陶区地表的水平挖掘和分析，Quave将评估1)社会地位对地产管理者和劳动者的影响；2)地产财富生产的组织和强度。使用该遗址的精英将作为分析单位，通过该单位来研究印卡贵族如何在地方和区域层面上实施社会和经济变革，以创建等级制度。挖掘将集中在家庭组织和生产和消费活动上，以更好地了解在帝国首都发展起来的新的社会经济背景。这个项目将有助于对早期国家政治经济和私人经济中精英管理者角色的比较人类学理解。帝国的中心地带随着精英和国家资源的集约化而发展，与当地自给经济协商土地使用权和劳动力模式。这个项目为这些过程的跨文化模型建立了一个数据库，比较和对比它们在帝国发展中的作用。论文工作也整合了研究和教育：共同研究小组、美国和秘鲁的学生以及专业合作者将接受挖掘和系统分析方面的培训。研究结果将发表在同行评议的期刊上，并在公共场所展示。在秘鲁，当地居民将合作开展社区教育项目，包括一个区域展览空间和为儿童提供指导的现场参观。该合作项目还通过博物馆和新管理大学在美国积极开展社区外展活动；她将在这些场所分享在这项资助下通过学术培训获得的知识。

Under the supervision of Dr. Alan Covey, Kylie Quave will excavate and analyze material remains from the imperial Inka site of Cheq'oq in Cusco, Peru. Cheq'oq was a large storage and residential center pertaining to private noble lands -- or a royal estate -- in 16th-century Cusco. While state political economy functioned alongside local economies and an extensive private economy of estate resources and labor, researchers in the Inka heartland have traditionally focused on the largest administrative centers and royal palaces. In this way, they have overlooked systematic excavation and analysis of estate-associated sites, especially those with non-royal residential elements. This project emphasizes the investigation of a lower-order estate settlement to test hypotheses pertaining to the nature of the estate as an economic system. Who lived and worked on the Inka estate? What kind of status was conferred on these groups that are known through Colonial documents to have been brought into the region from the provinces for attached service to the nobility? And what role did they play in staple and wealth production? Estates included palaces, irrigated terracing, camelid corrals, and other infrastructure for resource intensification. The Inka charged mid-level elites with the management of their resources and labor force. Depending on the social context, these administrators may have been Inka nobles, or may have come from conquered provincial or local groups. Through horizontal excavations and analysis of the area with Cusco-Inka pottery on the surface Quave will evaluate 1) the accordance of social status on estate administrators and laborers and 2) the organization and intensity of estate wealth production. The elites using the site will serve as the unit of analysis through which to examine how the Inka nobility enacted social and economic changes at the local and regional levels in creating the estate system. Excavations will focus on household organization and production and consumption activities to better understand the new socioeconomic context developed within an imperial capital.This project will contribute to a comparative anthropological understanding of the role of elite administrators in the political economy and private economy of early states. Imperial heartlands developed with the intensification of elite and state resources, in negotiation with local subsistence economies for land tenure and labor patterns. This project builds a database for cross-cultural models of these processes, comparing and contrasting their role in imperial development. The dissertation work also integrates research and education: the co-PI, U.S. and Peruvian students, and professional collaborators will be trained in excavation and systematic analyses. Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented in public venues. In Peru, local residents will collaborate in educational programming for the community, including a regional exhibition space and guided site visits for children. The co-PI is also active in community outreach in the U.S. through museums and SMU; she will share knowledge gained through the academic training under this grant in those venues.